ArticleTransboundary and emerging diseases2022
Case-control study to identify risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection among university students in the northeastern USA.
Article in Transboundary and emerging diseases, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between e-cigarette use and COVID-19 diagnosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and immunity in a New York county in 2022 reveals frequent asymptomatic or undiagnosed infections.PloS one · 2025Article
- Risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in professional settings, shops, shared transport, and leisure activities in France, 2020-2022.BMC public health · 2024Observational
- Syndromic Surveillance Tracks COVID-19 Cases in University and County Settings: Retrospective Observational Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2024Observational
- Keeping university open did not increase the risk of SARS-CoV-2 acquisition: A test negative case-control study among students.PloS one · 2024Article
- Case-control study to identify risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection among university students in the northeastern USA.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Curbing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic requires a thorough understanding of risk factors for transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the etiologic agent. Institutions of higher education present unique challenges for controlling disease spread because of features inherent to these settings. Our objective was to determine risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection among a university student population in the northeastern USA during the spring and fall 2021 semesters, using the case-control study design. Cases were defined as students with a newly diagnosed SARS-CoV-2 infection detected either through the robust PCR-based surveillance testing program on campus or through healthcare testing if symptoms compatible with COVID-19 were present. Controls were defined as students with negative SARS-CoV-2 status, based on consistently negative PCR results at the time of selection. A comprehensive questionnaire was administered to each student enrolled in the study, covering a broad range of campus life activities. A total of 446 cases and 1,185 controls were included in this study. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that recent party attendance (adjusted OR = 2.3, p < .0001), recently visiting a bar (aOR = 1.6, p = .007), living in a campus residence hall (aOR = 1.6, p = .001), fraternity/sorority membership (aOR = 1.8, p = .002), and recent travel (aOR = 1.3, p = .04) were associated with being a COVID-19 case. Having an on-campus job was negatively associated with being a COVID-19 case (aOR = 0.6, p = .0003). Among cases, the most commonly reported symptoms were cough (43.9%), fatigue (38.1%) and sore throat (30.3%). These findings can be used to inform the development of COVID-19 mitigation strategies and public health outreach efforts in university settings, thus reducing SARS-CoV-2 transmission among students and helping to preserve the vital education and research missions of these institutions.
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