Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35684626›Full record

ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2022

Automatic Cognitive Fatigue Detection Using Wearable fNIRS and Machine Learning.

Rui Varandas, Rodrigo Lima, Sergi Bermúdez I Badia, Hugo Silva, Hugo Gamboa

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
2.9field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Rui VarandasLIBPhys (Laboratory for Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0002-0237-3412
Rodrigo LimaDepartamento de Engenharia Informática, Universidade da Madeira & Madeira N-LINCS, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0002-4030-9526
Sergi Bermúdez I BadiaDepartamento de Engenharia Informática, Universidade da Madeira & Madeira N-LINCS, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0003-4452-0414
Hugo SilvaPLUX Wireless Biosignals S.A., 1050-059 Lisboa, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0001-6764-8432
Hugo GamboaLIBPhys (Laboratory for Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0002-4022-7424
PLUX - Wireless Biosignals (Portugal) · PTUniversidade da Madeira · PTUniversity of Lisbon · PT

Funding

Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia 2020.06024.BDFundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia PD/BDE/150304/2019
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Wearable sensors have increasingly been applied in healthcare to generate data and monitor patients unobtrusively. Their application for Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI) allows for unobtrusively monitoring one's cognitive state over time. A particular state relevant in multiple domains is cognitive fatigue, which may impact performance and attention, among other capabilities. The monitoring of this state will be applied in real learning settings to detect and advise on effective break periods. In this study, two functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) wearable devices were employed to build a BCI to automatically detect the state of cognitive fatigue using machine learning algorithms. An experimental procedure was developed to effectively induce cognitive fatigue that included a close-to-real digital lesson and two standard cognitive tasks: Corsi-Block task and a concentration task. Machine learning models were user-tuned to account for the individual dynamics of each participant, reaching classification accuracy scores of around 70.91 ± 13.67 %. We concluded that, although effective for some subjects, the methodology needs to be individually validated before being applied. Moreover, time on task was not a particularly determining factor for classification, i.e., to induce cognitive fatigue. Further research will include other physiological signals and human-computer interaction variables.

Indexed as

Brain-Computer InterfacesWearable Electronic DevicesAlgorithmsCognitionHumansMachine LearningSpectroscopy, Near-Infraredbrain–computer interfacecognitive fatiguefunctional near-infrared spectroscopymachine learning

Identifiers

PMID35684626
PMCPMC9183003
OpenAlexW4281480771

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.