ArticleNutrients2022
Caffeine, Paraxanthine, Theophylline, and Theobromine Content in Human Milk.
Article in Nutrients, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative effects of caffeine and paraxanthine on rowing performance and sleep quality: a randomized crossover study.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2026Trial
- Effect of a complementary feeding intervention based on iron- and zinc-biofortified pearl millet on the gut microbiota in 12-18-month-old children: a randomized trial.Nature communications · 2026Trial
- Article
- Caffeine and cardiovascular aging: exploring sex-specific impacts on risk and arrhythmias.Journal of geriatric cardiology : JGC · 2025Article
- Article
- A Point-of-Care Device for Theophylline Quantification in Human Milk Using Laser-Induced Graphene Electrodes.ACS applied nano materials · 2025Article
- Application of a Non-targeted Biomonitoring Method to Characterize Occupational Chemical Exposures of Women Nurses Relative to Office Workers.Environmental science & technology · 2025Article
- Article
- Oral Health and Nutraceutical Agents.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Drugs in Human Milk Part 1: Practical and Analytical Considerations in Measuring Drugs and Metabolites in Human Milk.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2024Review
- The Occurrence of Squalene in Human Milk and Infant Formula.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the content of caffeine and its metabolites-paraxanthine, theophylline, and theobromine-in breast milk according to selected factors. Samples of human milk were collected from 100 women living in the east-northeast region of Poland. Information on the consumption of beverages and foods containing caffeine was collected using a 3 day food record. The determination of caffeine and its metabolite content was performed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). This study research showed that more caffeine was found in the milk of women living in cities, with secondary education, aged 34-43, and also in milk from the 3rd and 4th lactation periods (
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.