ArticlePolymers2022
Formulation of Polymers-Based Methotrexate Patches and Investigation of the Effect of Various Penetration Enhancers: In Vitro, Ex Vivo and In Vivo Characterization.
Article in Polymers, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Development and adhesion evaluation of transdermal rotigotine patches utilizing 3D-printed skin-mimicking substrate, solid-state NMR, and ATR-FTIR techniques.International journal of pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- [Strategy to optimize patient safety in the community pharmacy dispensing service. Proposed checklists].Farmaceuticos comunitarios · 2023Article
- Fabrication of Polymeric Hydrogels Containing Esomeprazole for Oral Delivery: In Vitro and In Vivo Pharmacokinetic Characterization.Polymers · 2023Article
- Formulation and Characterization of Ethyl Cellulose-Based Patches Containing Curcumin-Chitosan Nanoparticles for the Possible Management of Inflammation via Skin Delivery.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Formulation Development and In Vitro/In Vivo Characterization of Methotrexate-Loaded Nanoemulsion Gel Formulations for Enhanced Topical Delivery.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The present study aimed to prepare methotrexate-loaded transdermal patches with different blends of hydrophobic and hydrophilic polymers (Eudragit S-100 and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) at different concentrations. The polymers employed in transdermal patches formulations served as controlled agent. Transdermal patches were prepared using the solvent casting technique. The suitable physicochemical properties were obtained from the formulation F5 (HPMC and Eudragit S-100 (5:1). Various penetration enhancers were employed in different concentrations to investigate their potential for enhancing the drug permeation profile from optimized formulations. A preformulation study was conducted to investigate drug-excipient compatibilities (ATR-FTIR) and the study showed greater compatibility between drug, polymers and excipients. The prepared patches containing different penetration enhancers at different concentrations were subjected for evaluating different physicochemical parameters and in vitro drug release studies. The obtained data were added to various kinetic models, then formulated patch formulations were investigated for ex vivo permeation studies, in vivo studies and skin drug retention studies. The prepared patches showed elastic, smooth and clear nature with good thickness, drug content, % moisture uptake and weight uniformity. The prepared transdermal patches showed % drug content ranging from 91.43 ± 2.90 to 98.37 ± 0.56, % swelling index from 36.98 ± 0.19 to 75.32 ± 1.21, folding endurance from 61 ± 3.14 to 78 ± 1.54 and tensile strength from 8.54 ± 0.18 to 12.87 ± 0.50. The formulation F5, containing a greater amount of hydrophilic polymers (HPMC), showed increased drug release and permeation and drug retention when compared to other formulated transdermal patch formulations (F1-F9). No significant change was observed during a stability study for a period of 60 days. The rabbit skin samples were subjected to ATR-FTIR studies, which revealed that polymers and penetration enhancers have affected skin proteins (ceramides and keratins). The pharmacokinetic profiling of optimized formulation (F5) as well as formulations with optimized concentrations of penetration enhancers revealed C
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