Intelligent Design of Building Materials: Development of an AI-Based Method for Cement-Slag Concrete Design.

Cement-slag concrete has become one of the most widely used building materials considering its economical advantage and satisfying uniaxial compressive strength (UCS). In this study, an AI-based method for cement-slag concrete design was developed based on the balance of economic and mechanical properties. Firstly, the hyperparameters of random forest (RF), decision tree (DT), and support vector machine (SVM) were tuned by the beetle antennae search algorithm (BAS). The results of the model evaluation showed the RF with the best prediction effect on the UCS of concrete was selected as the objective function of UCS optimization. Afterward, the objective function of concrete cost optimization was established according to the linear relationship between concrete cost and each mixture. The obtained results showed that the weighted method can be used to construct the multi-objective optimization function of UCS and cost for cement-slag concrete, which is solved by the multi-objective beetle antennae search (MOBAS) algorithm. An optimal concrete mixture ratio can be obtained by Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution. Considering the current global environment trend of "Net Carbon Zero", the multi-objective optimization design should be proposed based on the objectives of economy-carbon emission-mechanical properties for future studies.