ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2022
The Endothelium and COVID-19: An Increasingly Clear Link Brief Title: Endotheliopathy in COVID-19.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Folic Acid and Endothelial Dysfunction in COVID-19.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Exploratory Analysis of Coagulation and Fibrinolysis Trajectories After IL-6 Antagonist Therapy in COVID-19: A Case Series.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Morphological and Immunohistochemical Characteristics of Liver Inflammation in Patients with a History of COVID-19.Viruses · 2026Article
- Hemodynamic and Clinical Predictors of Thrombolysis in Post-COVID Venous Thromboembolism: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Main Dietary Patterns for Healthy Aging and Well-Being.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Long-term outcomes of patients with pre-existing coronary artery disease after SARS-CoV-2 infection.EBioMedicine · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 S-protein expression drives syncytia formation in endothelial cells.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Food and medicine homology: a potential nutritional intervention strategy for post-acute COVID-19 syndrome.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Nitric Oxide in the Treatment of COVID-19: Nasal Sprays, Inhalants and Nanoparticles.Biochemistry research international · 2025Review
- Cardiovascular damage and comorbidities related to long COVID: pathomechanisms, prevention, and therapy.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- Angiopoietins as Predictor Indexes in COVID-19 Patients in Delta and Omicron Waves.Current issues in molecular biology · 2024Article
- Article
- COVID-19 plasma induces subcellular remodelling within the pulmonary microvascular endothelium.Vascular pharmacology · 2024Article
- Investigating the structural network underlying brain-immune interactions using combined histopathology and neuroimaging: a critical review for its relevance in acute and long COVID-19.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Review
- Role of Endothelium in Cardiovascular Sequelae of Long COVID.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Cerebral Vasomotor Reactivity in COVID-19: A Narrative Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Thrombotic and hemorrhagic complications of COVID-19 in adults hospitalized in high-income countries compared with those in adults hospitalized in low- and middle-income countries in an international registry.Research and practice in thrombosis and haemostasis · 2023Article
- Endothelial dysfunction in COVID-19: an overview of evidence, biomarkers, mechanisms and potential therapies.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2023Review
- Cardiovascular and Renal Comorbidities Included into Neural Networks Predict the Outcome in COVID-19 Patients Admitted to an Intensive Care Unit: Three-Center, Cross-Validation, Age- and Sex-Matched Study.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2023Article
- Immuno-Modulatory Effects of Dexamethasone in Severe COVID-19-A Swedish Cohort Study.Biomedicines · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The endothelium has a fundamental role in the cardiovascular complications of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) particularly affects endothelial cells. The virus binds to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptor (present on type 2 alveolar cells, bronchial epithelial cells, and endothelial cells), and induces a cytokine storm. The cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1 beta, and interleukin-6 have particular effects on endothelial cells-leading to endothelial dysfunction, endothelial cell death, changes in tight junctions, and vascular hyperpermeability. Under normal conditions, apoptotic endothelial cells are removed into the bloodstream. During COVID-19, however, endothelial cells are detached more rapidly, and do not regenerate as effectively as usual. The loss of the endothelium on the luminal surface abolishes all of the vascular responses mediated by the endothelium and nitric oxide production in particular, which results in greater contractility. Moreover, circulating endothelial cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 act as vectors for viral dissemination by forming clusters that migrate into the circulation and reach distant organs. The cell clusters and the endothelial dysfunction might contribute to the various thromboembolic pathologies observed in COVID-19 by inducing the formation of intravascular microthrombi, as well as by triggering disseminated intravascular coagulation. Here, we review the contributions of endotheliopathy and endothelial-cell-derived extracellular vesicles to the pathogenesis of COVID-19, and discuss therapeutic strategies that target the endothelium in patients with COVID-19.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.