Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35682794›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2022

APTC-C-SA01: A Novel Bacteriophage Cocktail Targeting

Sha Liu, Karen Hon, George Spyro Bouras, Alkis James Psaltis, Keith Shearwin, Peter-John Wormald, Sarah Vreugde

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
4.1field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. The evolving landscape ofFrontiers in immunology · 2026
    Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Isolation and Characterization ofCurrent issues in molecular biology · 2025
    Article
  11. Antibiotic Resistance ofPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Review
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Does Phage Therapy Need a Pan-Phage?Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024
    Review
  16. Bacteriophage therapy for drug-resistantFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024
    Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Sha LiuDepartment of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Woodville, SA 5011, Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-2890-3247
Karen HonDepartment of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Woodville, SA 5011, Australia.ORCID 0000-0001-9836-6534
George Spyro BourasDepartment of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Woodville, SA 5011, Australia.
Alkis James PsaltisDepartment of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Woodville, SA 5011, Australia.
Keith ShearwinSchool of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-7736-2742
Peter-John WormaldDepartment of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Woodville, SA 5011, Australia.
Sarah VreugdeDepartment of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Woodville, SA 5011, Australia.
Basil Hetzel Institute · AUThe University of Adelaide · AU

Funding

AusHealth AusHealth Research with a grant to P.J.W. and S.V.
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The high infection and mortality rate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) necessitates the urgent development of new treatment strategies. Bacteriophages (phages) have several advantages compared to antibiotics for the treatment of multi-drug-resistant bacterial infections, and thus provide a promising alternative to antibiotics. Here, S. aureus phages were isolated from patients and environmental sources. Phages were characterized for stability, morphology and genomic sequence and their bactericidal activity against the biofilm form of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and MRSA was investigated. Four S. aureus phages were isolated and tested against 51 MSSA and MRSA clinical isolates and reference strains. The phages had a broad host range of 82−94% individually and of >98% when combined and could significantly reduce the viability of S. aureus biofilms. The phages had a latent period of ≤20 min and burst size of >11 plaque forming units (PFU)/infected cell. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) identified phages belonging to the family of Myoviridae. Genomic sequencing indicated the lytic nature of all four phages, with no identified resistance or virulence genes. The 4 phages showed a high complementarity with 49/51 strains (96%) sensitive to at least 2/4 phages tested. Furthermore, the frequency of bacteriophage insensitive mutant (BIM) generation was lower when the phages were combined into the phage cocktail APTC-C-SA01 than for bacteria exposed to each of the phages alone. In conclusion, APTC-C-SA01, containing four lytic S. aureus phages has the potential for further development as a treatment against MSSA and MRSA infections.

Indexed as

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureusStaphylococcal InfectionsAnti-Bacterial AgentsBiofilmsHumansStaphylococcus aureusStaphylococcus PhagesAnti-Bacterial Agentsantimicrobialbacteriophagebiofilmphage cocktailS. aureus

Identifiers

PMID35682794
PMCPMC9181636
OpenAlexW4281634382

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.