ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2022
Dysregulated Retinoic Acid Signaling in the Pathogenesis of Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Analysis of Allele-Specific Expression Highlights Novel Participants of Empagliflozin-Driven Effects on T2DM-Associated Regulatory Pathways.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Retinoic Acid Signalling Regulates Zebrafish Tooth Germ Repair Following Injury.Cell proliferation · 2026Article
- Establishment of an Advanced In Vitro Model for Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome and Glaucoma.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Retina-Targeted 17β-Estradiol by the DHED Prodrug Rescues Visual Function and Actuates Neuroprotective Protein Networks After Optic Nerve Crush in a Rat Model of Surgical Menopause.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Article
- Hematological inflammation biomarkers in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma.International journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Exfoliation syndrome genetics in the era of post-GWAS.Vision research · 2025Review
- Bioactivity and Bioavailability of Carotenoids Applied in Human Health: Technological Advances and Innovation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Article
- TGF-β-3 Induces Different Effects from TGF-β-1 and -2 on Cellular Metabolism and the Spatial Properties of the Human Trabecular Meshwork Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Antioxidant Defense and Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome: An Updated Review.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Genome-Wide RNA Sequencing of Human Trabecular Meshwork Cells Treated with TGF-β1: Relevance to Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma.Biomolecules · 2022Article
- All-International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Pseudoexfoliation (PEX) syndrome, a stress-induced fibrotic matrix process, is the most common recognizable cause of open-angle glaucoma worldwide. The recent identification of PEX-associated gene variants uncovered the vitamin A metabolic pathway as a factor influencing the risk of disease. In this study, we analyzed the role of the retinoic acid (RA) signaling pathway in the PEX-associated matrix metabolism and evaluated its targeting as a potential candidate for an anti-fibrotic intervention. We provided evidence that decreased expression levels of RA pathway components and diminished RA signaling activity occur in an antagonistic crosstalk with TGF-β1/Smad signaling in ocular tissues and cells from PEX patients when compared with age-matched controls. Genetic and pharmacologic modes of RA pathway inhibition induced the expression and production of PEX-associated matrix components by disease-relevant cell culture models in vitro. Conversely, RA signaling pathway activation by natural and synthetic retinoids was able to suppress PEX-associated matrix production and formation of microfibrillar networks via antagonization of Smad-dependent TGF-β1 signaling. The findings indicate that deficient RA signaling in conjunction with hyperactivated TGF-β1/Smad signaling is a driver of PEX-associated fibrosis, and that restoration of RA signaling may be a promising strategy for anti-fibrotic intervention in patients with PEX syndrome and glaucoma.
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