ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2022
Sun Protection and Tanning Behaviors in Caregivers: Prevalence, Determinants, and Associations with Children's Behaviors.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global, regional and national burden of skin cancer from 1990 to 2021: Analysis of risk factors and prediction of trends in 2035.Medicine · 2026Article
- Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of parents regarding children's sun protection.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Reducing UVR Exposure in Pregnant Women and Infants: A Pilot Study.Journal of cancer education : the official journal of the American Association for Cancer Education · 2025Article
- Sunscreen Use and Photoprotection Practices: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Adults in a Dermatology Outpatient Clinic.Cureus · 2025Article
- Knowledge and attitude of caregivers regarding sun exposure and protection in pediatric age in Western Region, Saudi Arabia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The National Cancer Aid monitoring (NCAM-online) of ultraviolet radiation risk and protection behavior: a population-based observational trend study with four annual online survey waves.BMC public health · 2024Observational
- [Use of sunglasses in everyday life, at work, and during outdoor sports: current results from nationwide surveys].Die Ophthalmologie · 2024Review
- Current practice and beliefs of parents toward sunscreen use for their children: A cross-sectional study.Preventive medicine reports · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The association between skin cancer and ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is well established, and sun protection behavior represents an important preventative measure. In children, caregivers play a key role in this regard. The subject of this study was threefold: whether caregivers of 1 to 11 year-old children are more likely to use sun protection measures compared to non-caregivers, whether considering oneself a role model is associated with sun protection behaviors, and whether their sun protection and risk behaviors are related to children’s behaviors. We used data from the 2020 wave of the National Cancer Aid Monitoring (NCAM) comprised of 4000 individuals (including 554 caregivers of at least one child aged 1−10 years) aged 16 to 65 years and living in Germany. Data were collected through telephone interviews between October and December 2020. No significant differences between caregivers and non-caregivers regarding sun protection and risk behaviors were identified (except tanning on vacation). In both groups, sun protection behaviors were deficient. Caregivers who considered themselves role models concerning sun safety were more likely to use sun protection measures (e.g., using sunscreen on the face: OR = 5.08, p < 0.001). In addition, caregivers’ sun protection behaviors were positively associated with children’s behaviors. Caregivers being highly protected against UVR were more likely to report the use of different measures by/in the child (mean = 4.03), compared to caregivers with medium (3.41) and low (2.97, p < 0.001) protection levels. However, we also found that caregivers’ risk behavior was associated with children’s reported risk behavior. For future prevention, it might be worth focusing on the aspect of caregivers serving as role models. A comprehensive public-health strategy is needed, including key figures such as pediatricians to prevent today’s children from developing skin cancer in later life.
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