Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35682448›Full record

SynthesisInternational journal of environmental research and public health2022

Long-Term Consequences of COVID-19 at 6 Months and Above: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Yirui Ma, Jie Deng, Qiao Liu, Min Du, Min Liu, Jue Liu

Open access · goldAbstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
58citing papers in PubMed, 9 pooled it
11.6field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

58 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 97 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Global prevalence of post-COVID-19 condition: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective evidence.Health promotion and chronic disease prevention in Canada : research, policy and practice · 2025
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  7. Long-Term Consequences of Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023
    Pooled it
  8. Comparison of Long COVID-19 Caused by Different SARS-CoV-2 Strains: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
    Pooled it
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  12. Long COVID disability burden in US adults.Communications medicine · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Yirui MaDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Xueyuan Road No. 38, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
Jie DengDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Xueyuan Road No. 38, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
Qiao LiuDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Xueyuan Road No. 38, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.ORCID 0000-0002-6958-2091
Min DuDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Xueyuan Road No. 38, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
Min LiuDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Xueyuan Road No. 38, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.ORCID 0000-0002-5059-3743
Jue LiuDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Xueyuan Road No. 38, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.ORCID 0000-0002-1938-9365
Peking University · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We aimed to review the data available to evaluate the long-term consequences of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) at 6 months and above. We searched relevant observational cohort studies up to 9 February 2022 in Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science. Random-effects inverse-variance models were used to evaluate the Pooled Prevalence (PP) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) of long-term consequences. The Newcastle−Ottawa quality assessment scale was used to assess the quality of the included cohort studies. A total of 40 studies involving 10,945 cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection were included. Of the patients, 63.87% had at least one consequence at the 6 month follow-up, which decreased to 58.89% at 12 months. The most common symptoms were fatigue or muscle weakness (PP 6−12 m = 54.21%, PP ≥ 12 m = 34.22%) and mild dyspnea (Modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale, mMRC = 0, PP 6−12 m = 74.60%, PP ≥ 12 m = 80.64%). Abnormal computerized tomography (CT; PP 6−12 m = 55.68%, PP ≥ 12 m = 43.76%) and lung diffuse function impairment, i.e., a carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (DLCO) of < 80% were common (PP 6−12 m = 49.10%, PP ≥ 12 m = 31.80%). Anxiety and depression (PP 6−12 m = 33.49%, PP ≥ 12 m = 35.40%) and pain or discomfort (PP 6−12 m = 33.26%, PP ≥ 12 m = 35.31%) were the most common problems that affected patients’ quality of life. Our findings suggest a significant long-term impact on health and quality of life due to COVID-19, and as waves of ASRS-CoV-2 infections emerge, the long-term effects of COVID-19 will not only increase the difficulty of care for COVID-19 survivors and the setting of public health policy but also might lead to another public health crisis following the current pandemic, which would also increase the global long-term burden of disease.

Indexed as

COVID-19DyspneaHumansPandemicsQuality of LifeSARS-CoV-2COVID-19long-term consequencemeta-analysissystematic review

Identifiers

PMID35682448
PMCPMC9180091
OpenAlexW4281617186

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.