ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2022
Epidemiological Study of Risk Factors for Lung Cancer in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Air Pollution and Heat Impacts on Respiratory Morbidity and Mortality Outcomes in Africa: A Systematic Review Towards a Meta-analysis.Current environmental health reports · 2026Pooled it
- Lung Cancer Risk Factors Beyond Smoking in Ethiopia: A Multicenter Matched Case-Control Study.Cancers · 2026Article
- Indoor Air Pollution and Lung Cancer Risk-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Actionable mutations and targeted therapy in non-small cell lung cancer among Latin American and Hispanic patients: a systematic literature review of prognosis and meta-analysis.Translational lung cancer research · 2025Article
- Glucocorticoids in lung cancer: Navigating the balance between immunosuppression and therapeutic efficacy.Heliyon · 2024Review
- Health effects associated with exposure to secondhand smoke: a Burden of Proof study.Nature medicine · 2024Article
- Clinicopathological and Treatment Patterns of Combined Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma with Future Insight to Treatment: A Population-Based Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The high incidence cancer rates are due to factors such as behavior, occupational exposures, genetics, environmental pollution and infections. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors associated with lung cancer among patients seen in the public health facilities in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. In this case-control study, 75 cases and 159 controls were interviewed using a structured close-ended questionnaire. Logistic regression showed a positive association between lung cancer and tobacco smoking (OR = 2.86, 95% CI: 1.21-6.77) and exposure to passive smoke (OR = 3.28, 95% CI: 1.48-7.30). When adjusted for other covariates, tobacco smoking and passive smoke were still positively associated with increased risk of lung cancer. Alcohol consumption (aORs ranging from 2.79 to 3.35) and history of lung disease (aORs ranging from 9.91 to 12.1) were statistically significantly associated with lung cancer. Our study suggests that tobacco smoke exposure is the major cause of lung cancer, and increased exposure to occupational and environmental carcinogenic substances, alcohol consumption and history of lung disease increase the risk of lung cancer. Based on our findings, policy development and planning of prevention strategies incorporating smoking legislations, occupational health and safety are essential in South Africa.
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