ReviewCancers2022
Current Evidence on Immunotherapy for Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia (GTN).
Review in Cancers, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pembrolizumab in gestational trophoblastic neoplasia: Systematic review and meta-analysis with sub-group analysis of potential prognostic factors.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2025Pooled it
- Immunotherapy in the treatment of chemoresistant gestational trophoblastic neoplasia - systematic review with a presentation of the first 4 Brazilian cases.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2023Pooled it
- Refractory ultra-high-risk Choriocarcinoma achieving complete response to intensive multi-agent and intrathecal chemotherapy and anti-PD-L1 therapy.Gynecologic oncology reports · 2026Article
- A Case of Placental Site Trophoblastic Tumour That Mimicked Missed Miscarriage.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Electrochemical biosensors: a novel approach for rapid and cost-effective hCG monitoring in gestational trophoblastic tumours.RSC advances · 2026Review
- Checkpoint Inhibition in Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia: A Narrative Review on the Reawakening of Antitumor Immunity.Advances in therapy · 2026Review
- A 3D multi-compartment assembloid to study combined immune cell infiltration and cytotoxicity.Cell reports methods · 2026Article
- Stage I placental site trophoblastic tumor with complete response after pembrolizumab.Gynecologic oncology reports · 2026Article
- Small intestine choriocarcinoma with brain, lung and liver metastases in a male patient: a case report.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- The necessity of adjuvant surgery for patients with high-risk chemorefractory or relapsed gestational choriocarcinoma with complete remission after anti-PD-1 therapy.Journal of gynecologic oncology · 2025Article
- Additional value of uterine artery Doppler pulsatility index for ultrasound diagnosis of placental site trophoblastic tumor: prospective cohort study.Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology · 2025Article
- Clinical and Management Challenges of Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia Involving the Cervix: A Case Report.International journal of women's health · 2025Article
- Use of a PD-1 checkpoint inhibitor in a patient with ultra-high-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia and gastrointestinal metastases.Gynecologic oncology reports · 2024Article
- A case report on renal metastasis as an unusual presentation of choriocarcinoma.BMC women's health · 2024Article
- Pulmonary metastatic gestational choriocarcinoma following an uncomplicated term pregnancy: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2024Article
- Case report: Multidrug resistant gestational trophoblastic neoplasia: focus on failure of immunotherapy and success of high-dose chemotherapy.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Article
- The fertility-sparing treatment and outcome of epithelioid trophoblastic tumor isolated to lung: a case report and review literature.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Article
- Review of current literature on gestational trophoblastic neoplasia.Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute · 2023Review
- Fertility-Sparing Treatment in Gestational Choriocarcinoma: Evaluating Oncological and Obstetrical Outcomes in Young Patients.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2023Article
- Combined chemotherapy and pembrolizumab salvages multi-chemotherapy agent and avelumab resistant choriocarcinoma: A case report.Gynecologic oncology reports · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundGestational trophoblastic disease includes a rare group of benign and malignant tumors derived from abnormal trophoblastic proliferation. Malignant forms are called gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) and include invasive mole, choriocarcinoma, placental site trophoblastic tumor and epithelioid trophoblastic tumor. Standard treatment of GTN is chemotherapy. The regimen of choice mainly depends on the FIGO prognostic score. Low-risk and high-risk GTN is treated with single-agent or multiagent chemotherapy, respectively. In the case of chemoresistance, immunotherapy may represent a new therapeutic strategy.
methodsLiterature obtained from searches on PubMed concerning GTN and immunotherapy was reviewed.
resultsProgrammed cell death 1 (PD-1) and its ligands (PD-L1/2) are expressed in GTN. Published data on PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors alone in GTN were available for 51 patients. Pembrolizumab is an anti-PD-1 inhibitor used in chemoresistant forms of GTN. In the TROPHIMMUN trial, Avelumab, a monoclonal antibody inhibiting PD-L1, showed promising results only in patients with GTN resistant to monochemotherapy. Conversely, in patients with resistance to multiagent chemotherapy, treatment with Avelumab was discontinued due to severe toxicity and disease progression. The association of Camrelizumab and Apatinib could represent a different treatment for forms of GTN refractory to polychemotherapy or for relapses.
conclusionsAnti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 might represent an important new treatment strategy for the management of chemoresistant/refractory GTN.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.