ArticleCancers2022
Impact of Insulin Therapies on Cancer Incidence in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: A Population-Based Cohort Study in Reggio Emilia, Italy.
Article in Cancers, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- A burden of proof study of the effects of exposure to high fasting plasma glucose on the risk of seven types of cancer.Scientific reports · 2025Pooled it
- Toxicological profile of anti-diabetic drugs and emerging measures to reduce the toxic burden.Toxicology reports · 2026Review
- Diabetes and cancer: therapeutic implications.Cardio-oncology (London, England) · 2026Review
- A mendelian randomization study on the association between type 2 diabetes and the risk of bladder cancer.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Training gut and body: physical activity, diet, ASA and microbiota influence the outcome in gastrointestinal cancer survivors.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
- Anti-Diabetic Therapies and Cancer: From Bench to Bedside.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Diabetes and the risk of bladder cancer subtypes in men and women: results from the Netherlands Cohort Study.European journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Review
- Drug repositioning in thyroid cancer treatment: the intriguing case of anti-diabetic drugs.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
- The role of insulin and incretin-based drugs in biliary tract cancer: epidemiological and experimental evidence.Discover oncology · 2022Review
- Role of Insulin Use and Social Determinants of Health on Non-melanoma Skin Cancer: Results From the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.Cancer control : journal of the Moffitt Cancer CenterArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo assess the effect of insulin on cancer incidence in type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM).
methodsThe cohort included all 401,172 resident population aged 20-84 in December 2009 and still alive on December 2011, classified for DM status. Drug exposure was assessed for 2009-2011 and follow up was conducted from 2012 to 2016 through the cancer registry. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were computed for all sites and for the most frequent cancer sites.
resultsamong residents, 21,190 people had diabetes, 2282 of whom were taking insulin; 1689 cancers occurred, 180 among insulin users. The risk for all site was slightly higher in people with T2DM compared to people without DM (IRR 1.21, 95% CI 1.14-1.27), with no excess for T1DM (IRR 0.73, 95% CI 0.45-1.19). The excess in T2DM remained when comparing with diet-only treatment. In T2DM, excess incidence was observed for liver and pancreas and for NETs: 1.76 (95% CI 1.44-2.17) and 1.37 (95% CI 0.99-1.73), respectively. For bladder, there was an excess both in T1DM (IRR 3.00, 95% CI 1.12, 8.02) and in T2DM (IRR1.27, 95% CI 1.07-1.50).
conclusionsInsulin was associated with a 20% increase in cancer incidence. The risk was higher for liver, pancreatic, bladder and neuroendocrine tumours.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.