ArticleCancers2022
In Silico Investigations of Multi-Drug Adaptive Therapy Protocols.
Article in Cancers, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Optimal control theory as a method for designing multidrug adaptive therapy regimens.NPJ systems biology and applications · 2026Article
- Delaying cancer progression by integrating toxicity constraints in a model of adaptive therapy.NPJ systems biology and applications · 2026Article
- Informing development of brain cancer therapies within "preclinical trials" using ex vivo patient tumors.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2026Review
- Patient-Derived Tumor Organoids to Model Cancer Cell Plasticity and Overcome Therapeutic Resistance.Cells · 2025Review
- Resistance Management for Cancer: Lessons from Farmers.Cancer research · 2024Review
- Distinguishing mutants that resist drugs via different mechanisms by examining fitness tradeoffs.eLife · 2024Article
- Distinguishing mutants that resist drugs via different mechanisms by examining fitness tradeoffs.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Leveraging Cancer Phenotypic Plasticity for Novel Treatment Strategies.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- Alterations of SARS-CoV-2 Evolutionary Dynamics by Pharmaceutical Factors.Infectious diseases & immunity · 2024Review
- Testing Adaptive Therapy Protocols using Gemcitabine and Capecitabine on a Mouse Model of Endocrine-Resistant Breast Cancer.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- A survey of open questions in adaptive therapy: Bridging mathematics and clinical translation.eLife · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The standard of care for cancer patients aims to eradicate the tumor by killing the maximum number of cancer cells using the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of a drug. MTD causes significant toxicity and selects for resistant cells, eventually making the tumor refractory to treatment. Adaptive therapy aims to maximize time to progression (TTP), by maintaining sensitive cells to compete with resistant cells. We explored both dose modulation (DM) protocols and fixed dose (FD) interspersed with drug holiday protocols. In contrast to previous single drug protocols, we explored the determinants of success of two-drug adaptive therapy protocols, using an agent-based model. In almost all cases, DM protocols (but not FD protocols) increased TTP relative to MTD. DM protocols worked well when there was more competition, with a higher cost of resistance, greater cell turnover, and when crowded proliferating cells could replace their neighbors. The amount that the drug dose was changed, mattered less. The more sensitive the protocol was to tumor burden changes, the better. In general, protocols that used as little drug as possible, worked best. Preclinical experiments should test these predictions, especially dose modulation protocols, with the goal of generating successful clinical trials for greater cancer control.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.