ArticleThe American journal of clinical nutrition2022
Birth length is the strongest predictor of linear growth status and stunting in the first 2 years of life after a preconception maternal nutrition intervention: the children of the Women First trial.
Article in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01883193 (Women First), which is not on this map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Women First: Preconception Maternal Nutrition
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Influence of Prenatal Exercise on Apgar Score and Health-Related Physical Fitness in Childhood: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of pregnancy · 2026Pooled it
- A Multicountry Analysis of Maternal Selenium Status in Pregnancy and Lactation and Infant Birth Outcomes: Findings from the Women First Maternal Preconception Study.The Journal of nutrition · 2026Trial
- Anthropometric and sociodemographic variables, but not preconception or prenatal maternal nutrition supplementation, predict neurodevelopment in offspring of the 'Women First' trial.Maternal & child nutrition · 2024Trial
- Preconception Maternal Mentoring for Improved Fetal Growth among Indonesian Women: Results from a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial.Nutrients · 2023Trial
- Neurodevelopment, vision and auditory outcomes at age 2 years in offspring of participants in the 'Women First' maternal preconception nutrition randomised controlled trial.Archives of disease in childhood · 2023Trial
- Article
- Prevalence and Correlates of Environmental Enteric Dysfunction Among Young Children in Bangladesh.Maternal & child nutrition · 2026Article
- Placental insufficiency and markers of fetal growth are associated with longitudinal infant growth and body composition trajectories up to two years of age.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Maternal mineral nutrition during early pregnancy and neonatal growth: findings from a China birth cohort study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Maternal age and parity influences on health outcomes: a multivariable regression analysis of mothers and infants.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Exploring the multifactorial predictors of stunting in children under five: A systematic review of the literature, 2015-2024.Journal of public health research · 2025Review
- Provision of a liquefied petroleum gas cookstove and fuel during pregnancy and infancy and linear growth trajectories between birth and 12 months: Evidence from the multi-center Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) trial.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Infant growth by INTERGROWTH-21st and Fenton Growth Charts: Predicting 1-year anthropometry in South African preterm infants.Maternal & child nutrition · 2024Article
- Acceptability of a balanced energy protein (BEP) supplement for pregnant women in Bangladesh.Maternal & child nutrition · 2024Article
- Association between maternal mental health-related hospitalisation in the 5 years prior to or during pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes: a population-based retrospective cohort data linkage study in the Northern Territory of Australia.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2024Article
- Colonization during a key developmental window reveals microbiota-dependent shifts in growth and immunity during undernutrition.Microbiome · 2024Article
- Prevalence and Correlates of Stunting among a High-Risk Population of Kenyan Children Recently Hospitalized for Acute Illnesses.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2024Article
- Associations between maternal microbiome, metabolome and incidence of low-birth weight in Guatemalan participants from the Women First Trial.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
17 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe multicountry Women First trial demonstrated that nutritional supplementation initiated prior to conception (arm 1) or early pregnancy (arm 2) and continued until delivery resulted in significantly greater length at birth and 6 mo compared with infants in the control arm (arm 3).
objectivesWe evaluated intervention effects on infants' longitudinal growth trajectory from birth through 24 mo and identified predictors of length status and stunting at 24 mo.
methodsInfants' anthropometry was obtained at 6, 12, 18, and 24 mo after the Women First trial (registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01883193), which was conducted in low-resource settings: Democratic Republic of Congo, Guatemala, India, and Pakistan. Longitudinal models evaluated intervention effects on infants' growth trajectory from birth to 24 mo, with additional modeling used to identify adjusted predictors for growth trajectories and outcomes at 24 mo.
resultsData for 2337 (95% of original live births) infants were evaluated. At 24 mo, stunting rates were 62.8%, 64.8%, and 66.3% for arms 1, 2, and 3, respectively (NS). For the length-for-age z-score (LAZ) trajectory, treatment arm was a significant predictor, with adjusted mean differences of 0.19 SD (95% CI: 0.08, 0.30; P < 0.001) and 0.17 SD (95% CI: 0.07, 0.27; P < 0.001) for arms 1 and 2, respectively. The strongest predictors of LAZ at 24 mo were birth LAZ <-2 and <-1 to ≥-2, with adjusted mean differences of -0.76 SD (95% CI: -0.93, -0.58; P < 0.001) and -0.47 SD (95% CI: -0.56, -0.38; P < 0.001), respectively. For infants with ultrasound-determined gestational age (n = 1329), the strongest predictors of stunting were birth LAZ <-2 and <-1 to ≥- 2: adjusted relative risk of 1.62 (95% CI: 1.39, 1.88; P < 0.001) and 1.46 (95% CI: 1.31, 1.62; P < 0.001), respectively.
conclusionsSubstantial improvements in postnatal growth are likely to depend on improved intrauterine growth, especially during early pregnancy.
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