ReviewJournal of neuroinflammation2022
Perivascular macrophages in high-fat diet-induced hypothalamic inflammation.
Review in Journal of neuroinflammation, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed.
- Hypothalamic neurovascular and extracellular matrix remodeling: Cellular niche orchestration of immune-metabolic adaptation to nutritional stress.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2026Review
- Region-specific demographic determinants and hemispheric asymmetry of perivascular space burden in healthy adults: a quantitative 3T neuroimaging study.Neuroradiology · 2026Article
- Ovarian hormones and high-fat diet duration distinctively modulate hypothalamic chemokine profile.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2026Article
- Macrophage regulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and gonadal axis homeostasis and hormonal output.Biomedical journal · 2026Review
- Metabolic inflammation at the adipose-brain axis.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Review
- The gut-brain axis: mechanisms linking intestinal dysbiosis with stroke.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Region-Specific Adult Neural Stem Cell Niches of the Mediobasal Hypothalamus and Medulla Oblongata.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2026Review
- Border-associated macrophages: an emerging perspective from physiological basis and multi-disease roles to the mechanism of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Review
- Triglyceride-glucose index: a novel prognostic marker for sepsis-associated encephalopathy severity and outcomes.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Article
- Empagliflozin Attenuates High-Glucose-Induced Astrocyte Activation and Inflammation via NF-κB Pathway.Current issues in molecular biology · 2024Article
- CNS Resident Innate Immune Cells: Guardians of CNS Homeostasis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Roles of Macrophages and Endothelial Cells and Their Crosstalk in Acute Lung Injury.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Identifying of immune-associated genes for assessing the obesity-associated risk to the offspring in maternal obesity: A bioinformatics and machine learning.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2024Article
- Meningeal interleukin-17-producing T cells mediate cognitive impairment in a mouse model of salt-sensitive hypertension.Nature neuroscience · 2024Article
- Neuroinflammation in Obese Children.Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine · 2024Article
- Central activation of the fatty acid sensor GPR120 suppresses microglia reactivity and alleviates sickness- and anxiety-like behaviors.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2023Article
- Article
- Trends in perivascular macrophages research from 1997 to 2021: A bibliometric analysis.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2023Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Brain macrophages and microglia are centrally involved in immune surveillance of the central nervous system. Upon inflammatory stimuli, they become reactive and release key molecules to prevent further damage to the neuronal network. In the hypothalamic area, perivascular macrophages (PVMs) are the first line of host defence against pathogenic organisms, particles and/or substances from the blood. They are distributed throughout the circumventricular organ median eminence, wrapping endothelial cells from fenestrated portal capillaries and in the hypothalamic vascular network, where they are localised in the perivascular space of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Some studies have indicated that PVMs from the hypothalamus increase the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and vascular endothelial growth factor upon feeding for a long time on a high-fat diet. This adaptive response contributes to the impairment of glucose uptake, facilitates BBB leakage and leads to increased lipid and inflammatory cell influx towards the hypothalamic parenchyma. Despite these early findings, there is still a lack of studies exploring the mechanisms by which PVMs contribute to the development of obesity-related hypothalamic dysfunction, particularly at the early stages when there is chemotaxis of peripheral myeloid cells into the mediobasal hypothalamus. Here, we reviewed the studies involving the ontogeny, hallmarks and main features of brain PVMs in vascular homeostasis, inflammation and neuroendocrine control. This review provides a framework for understanding the potential involvement of PVMs in diet-induced hypothalamic inflammation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.