ArticleNature human behaviour2022
Third-party punishment by preverbal infants.
Article in Nature human behaviour, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Empathic concern for violators modulates victims' evaluation of third-party punishment outcomes: behavioral and electroencephalography evidence.Social cognitive and affective neuroscience · 2026Article
- Celebrating prosocial behaviour on International Volunteer Day.Nature human behaviour · 2025Article
- Infants organize their learning process based on the same or different informants.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Third-party punishment-like behavior in a rat model.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Morality in the anthropocene: The perversion of compassion and punishment in the online world.PNAS nexus · 2024Review
- No one is going to recess: How children evaluate collective and targeted punishment.Social development (Oxford, England) · 2024Article
- Anger and disgust shape judgments of social sanctions across cultures, especially in high individual autonomy societies.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Preverbal infants' understanding of social norms.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Human and animal dominance hierarchies show a pyramidal structure guiding adult and infant social inferences.Nature human behaviour · 2023Article
- Predicting child aggression: The role of parent and child endorsement of reactive aggression across 13 cultural groups in 9 nations.Aggressive behavior · 2023Article
- Editorial: Nature and determinants of socio-moral development: theories, methods and applications.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Dangerous Ground: One-Year-Old Infants are Sensitive to Peril in Other Agents' Action Plans.Open mind : discoveries in cognitive science · 2022Article
- Infants in Control-Evidence for Agency in 6- to 10-Months-Old Infants in a Gaze-Contingent Eye Tracking Paradigm.Child developmentArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Third-party punishment of antisocial others is unique to humans and seems to be universal across cultures. However, its emergence in ontogeny remains unknown. We developed a participatory cognitive paradigm using gaze-contingency techniques, in which infants can use their gaze to affect agents displayed on a monitor. In this paradigm, fixation on an agent triggers the event of a stone crushing the agent. Throughout five experiments (total N = 120), we show that eight-month-old infants punished antisocial others. Specifically, infants increased their selective looks at the aggressor after watching aggressive interactions. Additionally, three control experiments excluded alternative interpretations of their selective gaze, suggesting that punishment-related decision-making influenced looking behaviour. These findings indicate that a disposition for third-party punishment of antisocial others emerges in early infancy and emphasize the importance of third-party punishment for human cooperation. This behavioural tendency may be a human trait acquired over the course of evolution.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.