ArticleNutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD2022
Subclinical atherosclerosis in adolescents and young adults and the risk of cardiovascular disease: The Strong Heart Family Study (SHFS).
Article in Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06230705 (Community Intervention to impRove CVD Risk Factor controL in Young AmErican Indians), which is not on this map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Community Intervention to impRove CVD Risk Factor controL in Young AmErican Indians: The CIRCLE Study
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association Between Triglyceride/High-Density Lipoprotein Ratio and Premature Coronary Artery Disease in Young Saudi Population: A Case-Control Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Remnant cholesterol inflammation index may be a superior biomarker to C-reactive protein-triglyceride glucose index in predicting carotid atherosclerosis risk.BMC endocrine disorders · 2026Article
- Vitamin D Deficiency and Markers of Liver Disease in American Indian Adolescents: The Strong Heart Family Study (SHFS).Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Proteins as Mediators of the Association Between Dietary Pattern and Premature Coronary Heart Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2026Article
- Global burden and health inequalities of premature coronary artery disease attributed to high fasting plasma glucose/body mass: insights from the Global Burden of Disease study 2021.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2026Article
- Improving American Indian Adolescent and Young Adult Cardiovascular Health: The Importance of the Strong Heart Family Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Review
- Life-course neighbourhood socioeconomic disadvantage and atherosclerotic carotid artery plaques. The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Saudi Heart Association Position Statement on Early Detection of Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Clinical Practice.Journal of the Saudi Heart Association · 2025Article
- One-year survival prediction models following ST-elevation myocardial infarction: A comparative analysis of the Cox Frailty Model and machine learning.Caspian journal of internal medicine · 2025Article
- Comparative analysis of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease burden between ages 20-54 and over 55 years: insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.BMC medicine · 2024Article
- Dyslipidemia in American Indian Adolescents and Young Adults: Strong Heart Family Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Article
- Article
- Cardiovascular disease prevention should start in early life.BMC global and public health · 2023Article
- Article
- Global prevalence of cardiovascular diseases by gender and age during 2010-2019.Archives of medical sciences. Atherosclerotic diseases · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsRates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among American Indians (AI) have been increasing. Although we have observed an association between atherosclerosis and CVD in older adults, the potential association among young AI is unclear. Therefore, we aim to describe the prevalence of atherosclerosis among young AI and determine its association with CVD and all-cause mortality. METHODS AND
resultsWe evaluated AI participants from the Strong Heart Family Study (SHFS), who were <40 years old and CVD free at the baseline examination, 2001-2003 (n = 1376). We used carotid ultrasound to detect baseline atherosclerotic plaque. We identified CVD events and all-cause mortality through 2019, with a median follow-up of 17.8 years. We used shared frailty Cox Proportional Hazards models to assess the association between atherosclerosis and time to CVD event or all-cause mortality, while controlling for covariates. Among 1376 participants, 71 (5.2%) had atherosclerosis at baseline. During follow-up, 120 (8.7%) had CVD events and 104 (7.6%) died from any cause. CVD incidence was higher in participants who had baseline atherosclerosis (13.51/1000 person-years) than in those who did not (4.95/1000 person-years, p = 0.0003). CVD risk and all-cause mortality were higher in participants with atherosclerosis, while controlling for covariates (CVD HR = 1.85, 95%CI = 1.02-3.37, p = 0.0420; all-cause mortality HR = 2.04, 95%CI = 1.07-3.89, p = 0.0291).
conclusionsAmong young AI, atherosclerosis was independently associated with incident CVD and all-cause mortality later in life. Thus, atherosclerosis begins early in life and interventions in adolescents and young adults to slow the progression of disease could prevent or delay CVD events later in life.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.