Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35679994›Full record

ArticleAmerican journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation2022

Association Between Ultraprocessed Food Consumption and Risk of Incident CKD: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Shutong Du, Hyunju Kim, Deidra C Crews, Karen White, Casey M Rebholz

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
42citing papers in PubMed, 7 pooled it
12.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

42 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.

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  12. Culinary Medicine for CKD.Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Shutong DuWelch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland.
Hyunju KimWelch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland.
Deidra C CrewsWelch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland.
Karen WhiteWelch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland; Division of General Internal Medicine (KW), School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland.
Casey M RebholzWelch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland; Division of Nephrology and Division of General Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland. Electronic address: crebhol1@jhu.edu.
Johns Hopkins University · US

Funding

Discovery, Replication, and Validation of Biomarkers of the DASH Diet and HypertensionR01HL153178 · NHLBI · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI REBHOLZ, CASEY MARIE · 2021 to 2024
$3.1M
Metabolomics for Identifying Biomarkers of Dietary Intake & Kidney Disease ProgressionK01DK107782 · NIDDK · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI REBHOLZ, CASEY MARIE · 2016 to 2020
$778k
Metabolomic Markers of Dietary Factors Associated with Kidney HealthR03DK128386 · NIDDK · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI REBHOLZ, CASEY MARIE · 2021 to 2022
$246k
NHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201700001CNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201700001INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201700002CNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201700002INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201700003CNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201700003INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201700004CNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201700004INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201700005CNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201700005INHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL153178NIDDK NIH HHS K01 DK107782NIDDK NIH HHS R03 DK128386
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

RATIONALE &

objectiveUltraprocessed foods have become readily available in the global food supply in the past few decades. Several adverse health outcomes have been linked with higher consumption of ultraprocessed foods. However, the impact of ultraprocessed foods on chronic kidney disease (CKD) risk remains unknown. STUDY

designProspective cohort study. SETTING &

participants14,679 middle-aged adults without CKD at baseline in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. EXPOSURE: Ultraprocessed foods consumption (servings per day) calculated using dietary data collected via a food frequency questionnaire at visit 1 and visit 3. OUTCOME: Incident CKD defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 mL/min/1.73 m ANALYTICAL APPROACH: Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association between ultraprocessed foods consumption and CKD. Restricted cubic splines were used to examine the shape of the association.

resultsDuring a median follow-up period of 24 years, there were 4,859 cases of incident CKD. The incidence rate for the highest quartile of ultraprocessed foods consumption was 16.5 (95% CI, 15.6-17.4) per 1,000 person-years and 14.7 (95% CI, 13.9-15.5) per 1,000 person-years for the lowest quartile of consumption. After adjusting for a range of confounders including lifestyle factors, demographic characteristics, and health behaviors, participants in the highest quartile of ultraprocessed foods consumption had a 24% higher risk (HR, 1.24 [95% CI, 1.15-1.35]) of developing CKD compared with those in the lowest quartile. There was an approximately linear relationship observed between ultraprocessed food intake and risk of CKD. By substituting 1 serving of ultraprocessed foods with minimally processed foods, there was a 6% lower risk of CKD observed (HR, 0.94 [95% CI, 0.93-0.96]; P < 0.001). LIMITATIONS: Self-reported data and residual confounding.

conclusionsHigher ultraprocessed foods consumption was independently associated with a higher risk of incident CKD in a general population.

Indexed as

Renal Insufficiency, ChronicAdultFollow-Up StudiesGlomerular Filtration RateHumansMiddle AgedProspective StudiesRisk FactorsARIC Studychronic kidney disease (CKD)diet and nutritiondietary intakeend-stage renal disease (ESRD)epidemiologyfood frequency questionnaire (FFQ)incident CKDmodifiable risk factorNOVA classificationnutritional qualityultraprocessed foods

Identifiers

PMID35679994
PMCPMC9613500
OpenAlexW4281771774

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.