Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35679431›Full record

ArticleThe American journal of clinical nutrition2022

Levels of abdominal adipose tissue and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in middle age according to average fast-food intake over the preceding 25 years: the CARDIA Study.

Andrew O Odegaard, David R Jacobs, Lisa B Van Wagner, Mark A Pereira

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
2.3field-weighted citation impact, top 11% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 15 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
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  9. Observational
  10. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Andrew O OdegaardDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
David R JacobsDepartment of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Lisa B Van WagnerDepartment of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology and Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
Mark A PereiraDepartment of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
University of Minnesota · USNorthwestern University · USUniversity of California, Irvine · US

Funding

Abdominal adipose tissue depots and cardiometabolic disease risk in postmenopausal womenR01AG055018 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI ODEGAARD, ANDREW OWEN · 2017 to 2020
$1.4M
Novel Analyses of Abdominal Computed Tomography Data in CARDIAR21HL121627 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI ODEGAARD, ANDREW OWEN, PEREIRA, MARK A · 2015 to 2016
$205k
NHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201800003INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201800004INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201800005INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201800006INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201800007INHLBI NIH HHS R21 HL121627NIA NIH HHS R01 AG055018
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHigher levels of intra-abdominal adipose tissue (IAAT) comprising visceral adipose tissue (VAT), intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT), and liver fat are posited drivers of obesity-related chronic disease risk. Fast food is hypothesized to contribute to IAAT patterns.

objectivesWe quantified levels of abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), IAAT, and odds of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in middle age according to average fast-food intake over the preceding 25 y.

methodsWe analyzed data from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. Participants underwent 6 clinical exams and measurements over 25 y with computed tomography-measured VAT, SAT, and IMAT (n = 3156), plus MAFLD defined by liver attenuation (≤40 Hounsfield units) and 1 metabolic abnormality at year 25 (2010, n = 3001, n cases = 302). We estimated means of VAT, SAT, IMAT, and liver attenuation at the year 25 exam according to categories of average fast-food intake over the previous 25 y adjusted for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors and logistic regression to estimate the odds ratio of MAFLD at year 25.

resultsWith higher average fast-food intake over 25 y (categorized as follows: never-1×/mo, >1×-3×/mo, 1-<2×/wk, 2-<3×/wk, ≥3×/wk), there were monotonic higher levels of VAT (98.5, 127.6, 134.5, 142.0, 145.5 cm3), P-trend < 0.0001, which were consistent across anthropometrically classified obesity categories. There was a similar pattern with liver fat. There were higher levels of IMAT and SAT with higher fast-food intake (P-trend = 0.003, 0.0002, respectively), with amounts leveling off at ≥2×/wk. In addition, compared with participants who ate fast food never-1×/mo, there were monotonic higher odds of having MAFLD at year 25 with higher average fast-food intake, with participants who ate fast food ≥3×/wk having an OR of MAFLD = 5.18 (95% CI: 2.87, 9.37).

conclusionsThere were monotonic higher levels of VAT, liver fat, and odds of having MAFLD in middle age according to higher average fast-food intake over the preceding 25 y.

Indexed as

Coronary VesselsLiver DiseasesAbdominal FatAdipose TissueAdultEatingHumansIntra-Abdominal FatMiddle AgedObesitySubcutaneous Fat, AbdominalYoung Adultdietary intakefast-foodMAFLDobesityvisceral adipose tissue

Identifiers

PMID35679431
PMCPMC9257467
OpenAlexW4225536393

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.