ArticlePloS one2022
Finding the infectious dose for COVID-19 by applying an airborne-transmission model to superspreader events.
Article in PloS one, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed.
- Virus-Mediated Self-Assembly of Functional Cyclodextrins for Antiviral Inhibition.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2026Article
- Reframing Pandemic Preparedness: Why Positive-Pressure Exposure Control Merits Formal Public Health Evaluation.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2026Article
- Spatial Immune Model of Alveolar Lung Infection (SIMALI) Identifies Structural Determinants of Lung Inflammation.Research square · 2026Article
- The Selective Detection of Individual Respiratory Droplets in Air.ACS sensors · 2026Article
- Time-managed PAPR use enables a balanced approach to infection control and personal freedom.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The Real-Time Estimation of Respiratory Flow and Mask Leakage in a PAPR Using a Single Differential-Pressure Sensor and Microcontroller-Based Smartphone Interface in the Development of a Public-Oriented Powered Air-Purifying Respirator as an Alternative to Lockdown Measures.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Estimation of Respiratory States Based on a Measurement Model of Airflow Characteristics in Powered Air-Purifying Respirators Using Differential Pressure and Pulse Width Modulation Control Signals-In the Development of a Public-Oriented Powered Air-Purifying Respirator as an Alternative to Lockdown Measures.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- A Modular Mathematical Model of the Immune Response for Investigating the Pathogenesis of Infectious Diseases.Viruses · 2025Article
- Shared sanitation facilities and risk of respiratory virus transmission in resource-poor settings: A COVID-19 modeling case study.Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis · 2025Article
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- Role of IgA1 protease-producing bacteria in SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission: a hypothesis.mBio · 2024Article
- An Engineering Alternative to Lockdown During COVID-19 and Other Airborne Infectious Disease Pandemics: Feasibility Study.JMIR biomedical engineering · 2024Article
- Resolving the Loss of Intermediate-Size Speech Aerosols in Funnel-Guided Particle Counting Measurement.Atmosphere · 2024Article
- The airborne transmission of viruses causes tight transmission bottlenecks.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Intranasal SARS-CoV-2 RBD decorated nanoparticle vaccine enhances viral clearance in the Syrian hamster model.Microbiology spectrum · 2024Article
- Infectivity of exhaled SARS-CoV-2 aerosols is sufficient to transmit covid-19 within minutes.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Negligible risk of surface transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in public transportation.Journal of travel medicine · 2023Article
- Surface Inactivation of a SARS-CoV-2 Surrogate with Hypochlorous Acid is Impacted by Surface Type, Contact Time, Inoculum Matrix, and Concentration.Food and environmental virology · 2023Article
- Single-Center Experience in Detecting Influenza Virus, RSV and SARS-CoV-2 at the Emergency Department.Viruses · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We probed the transmission of COVID-19 by applying an airborne transmission model to five well-documented case studies-a Washington state church choir, a Korean call center, a Korean exercise class, and two different Chinese bus trips. For all events the likely index patients were pre-symptomatic or mildly symptomatic, which is when infective patients are most likely to interact with large groups of people. Applying the model to those events yields results that suggest the following: (1) transmission was airborne; (2) superspreading events do not require an index patient with an unusually high viral load; (3) the viral loads for all of the index patients were of the same order of magnitude and consistent with experimentally measured values for patients at the onset of symptoms, even though viral loads across the population vary by a factor of >108. In particular we used a Wells-Riley exposure model to calculate q, the total average number of infectious quanta inhaled by a person at the event. Given the q value for each event, the simple airborne transmission model was used to determined Sq, the rate at which the index patient exhaled infectious quanta and N0, the characteristic number of COVID-19 virions needed to induce infection. Despite the uncertainties in the values of some parameters of the superspreading events, all five events yielded (N0∼300-2,000 virions), which is similar to published values for influenza. Finally, this work describes the conditions under which similar methods can provide actionable information on the transmission of other viruses.
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