ArticleAnalytical chemistry2022
3D-Printed High-Pressure-Resistant Immobilized Enzyme Microreactor (μIMER) for Protein Analysis.
Article in Analytical chemistry, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Recent advances in 3D printing for biochemical and environmental analysis.Mikrochimica acta · 2026Review
- Corundum Particles as Trypsin Carrier for Efficient Protein Digestion.Biotech (Basel (Switzerland)) · 2025Article
- Development of a Thiol-ene Microfluidic Chip for Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry (HDX-MS).Analytical chemistry · 2025Article
- Development of Liquid Chromatography on Monolithic Supports-From First Concepts to Real Analytical and Preparative Techniques.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- 3D Printing in Biocatalysis and Biosensing: From General Concepts to Practical Applications.Chemistry, an Asian journal · 2024Review
- Pros and Cons in Various Immobilization Techniques and Carriers for Enzymes.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2024Review
- Unlocking the potential of 3D printed microfluidics for mass spectrometry analysis using liquid infused surfaces.Analytica chimica acta · 2023Article
- Advances in 3D Gel Printing for Enzyme Immobilization.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (3D printing) has greatly revolutionized the way researchers approach certain technical challenges. Despite its outstanding print quality and resolution, stereolithography (SLA) printing is cost-effective and relatively accessible. However, applications involving mass spectrometry (MS) are few due to residual oligomers and additives leaching from SLA-printed devices that interfere with MS analyses. We identified the crosslinking agent urethane dimethacrylate as the main contaminant derived from SLA prints. A stringent washing and post-curing protocol mitigated sample contamination and rendered SLA prints suitable for MS hyphenation. Thereafter, SLA printing was used to produce 360 μm I.D. microcolumn chips with excellent structural properties. By packing the column with polystyrene microspheres and covalently immobilizing pepsin, an exceptionally effective microscale immobilized enzyme reactor (μIMER) was created. Implemented in an online liquid chromatography-MS/MS setup, the protease microcolumn enabled reproducible protein digestion and peptide mapping with 100% sequence coverage obtained for three different recombinant proteins. Additionally, when assessing the μIMER digestion efficiency for complex proteome samples, it delivered a 144-fold faster and significantly more efficient protein digestion compared to 24 h for bulk digestion. The 3D-printed μIMER withstands remarkably high pressures above 130 bar and retains its activity for several weeks. This versatile platform will enable researchers to produce tailored polymer-based enzyme reactors for various applications in analytical chemistry and beyond.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.