ReviewANZ journal of surgery2022
Diphallia: literature review and proposed surgical classification system.
Review in ANZ journal of surgery, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Complete Diphallia With Associated Epispadias: A Rare Congenital Anomaly Diagnosed in Adulthood.Cureus · 2026Article
- Glandular urethral disassembly for Effmann type I A1 urethral duplication with glans duplication: a case report.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Penile duplication (diphallia) with epispadias, neurogenic bladder, and lumbar vertebral Fusion: An exceptionally rare multisystem congenital association.Urology case reports · 2025Article
- Radiologic imaging of true diphallia with imperforate anus: A case report.Radiology case reports · 2024Article
- Triphallia: the first cadaveric description of internal penile triplication: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2024Article
- Ventral partial diphallia associated with hypospadias: A case report.Urology case reports · 2024Article
- A Triplicated Bladder with Diphallia; Rare Variant of Duplicate Exstrophy.Research and reports in urology · 2023Article
- Diphallia with Duplicated Urethra and Urinary Bladder: A Rare Congenital Genitourinary Tract Anomaly.Indian journal of nephrologyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDiphallia occurs once in 5-6 million births, with no two patients presenting with the same anatomical variation. Here we discuss a review of diphallia case reports, as well as present a new surgical classification system based on the soft tissue composition of the two phalluses, the anatomy of the urethra present within the most normal phallus and the bladder configuration.
methodsEighty-seven diphallia case reports were collected and analysed, excluding those presented in animals and articles that were non-English, with the results compiled to provide an in-depth reference of the specific anatomy found in diphallia patients and the associated abnormalities.
resultsOur proposed classification system was then applied to each patient and the most common configuration base on our classification system presented, along with commonly seen associated anomalies.
conclusionThe reviewed cases represent a subset of the most unique diphallia patients; thus, several cases may be left unreported. Future reports can then be categorized, aiding as a reference, and potentially building on the classification, should the patient not fit into a specific group, leading to an expansion of the classification system.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.