ArticleJournal of stroke2022
Etiology, 3-Month Functional Outcome and Recurrent Events in Non-Traumatic Intracerebral Hemorrhage.
Article in Journal of stroke, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk factors for recurrent cerebral amyloid angiopathy-related intracerebral hemorrhage.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Pooled it
- Modular nanotherapeutics with spatiotemporal precision for phase-specific treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Article
- Research progress of remote ischemic conditioning in hemorrhagic stroke.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Review
- Associations of chronic kidney disease with recurrent stroke in patients with intracerebral haemorrhage.European stroke journal · 2026Article
- Risk of intracranial haemorrhage in patients with acute ischaemic stroke and prior antiplatelet therapy.European stroke journal · 2026Article
- Potential Therapeutic Targets and Emerging Strategies to Promote Hematoma Resolution in Intracerebral Hemorrhage.Revista de neurologia · 2025Review
- Volume and Location Analysis of Intracerebral Hemorrhage for the Appropriate Use of Andexanet Alfa.Neurologia medico-chirurgica · 2025Article
- Location and Timing of Recurrent, Nontraumatic Intracerebral Hemorrhage.JAMA neurology · 2025Article
- Ambient versus household PMFrontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Intracerebral haemorrhage in patients taking different types of oral anticoagulants: a pooled individual patient data analysis from two national stroke registries.Stroke and vascular neurology · 2024Article
- Intracerebral haemorrhage - mechanisms, diagnosis and prospects for treatment and prevention.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2024Review
- Prothrombin Complex Concentrate vs Conservative Management in ICH Associated With Direct Oral Anticoagulants.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- CADMUS: A Novel MRI-Based Classification of Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage Associated With Cerebral Small Vessel DiseaseNeurology · 2024Article
- Time for "Code ICH"? Workflow Metrics of Hyperacute Treatments and Outcome in Patients with Intracerebral Haemorrhage.Cerebrovascular diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Small vessel disease burden and risk of recurrent cerebrovascular events in patients with lacunar stroke and intracerebral haemorrhage attributable to deep perforator arteriolopathy.European stroke journal · 2023Article
- Association of the Presence and Pattern of MRI Markers of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease With Recurrent Intracerebral Hemorrhage.Neurology · 2023Article
- Perfusion gradients promote delayed perihaematomal oedema in intracerebral haemorrhage.Brain communications · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
48 authors at 19 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
background and purposeKnowledge about different etiologies of non-traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and their outcomes is scarce.
methodsWe assessed prevalence of pre-specified ICH etiologies and their association with outcomes in consecutive ICH patients enrolled in the prospective Swiss Stroke Registry (2014 to 2019).
resultsWe included 2,650 patients (mean±standard deviation age 72±14 years, 46.5% female, median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale 8 [interquartile range, 3 to 15]). Etiology was as follows: hypertension, 1,238 (46.7%); unknown, 566 (21.4%); antithrombotic therapy, 227 (8.6%); cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), 217 (8.2%); macrovascular cause, 128 (4.8%); other determined etiology, 274 patients (10.3%). At 3 months, 880 patients (33.2%) were functionally independent and 664 had died (25.1%). ICH due to hypertension had a higher odds of functional independence (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00 to 1.77; P=0.05) and lower mortality (aOR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.86; P=0.003). ICH due to antithrombotic therapy had higher mortality (aOR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.01 to 2.61; P=0.045). Within 3 months, 4.2% of patients had cerebrovascular events. The rate of ischemic stroke was higher than that of recurrent ICH in all etiologies but CAA and unknown etiology. CAA had high odds of recurrent ICH (aOR, 3.38; 95% CI, 1.48 to 7.69; P=0.004) while the odds was lower in ICH due to hypertension (aOR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.19 to 0.93; P=0.031).
conclusionsAlthough hypertension is the leading etiology of ICH, other etiologies are frequent. One-third of ICH patients are functionally independent at 3 months. Except for patients with presumed CAA, the risk of ischemic stroke within 3 months of ICH was higher than the risk of recurrent hemorrhage.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.