ArticleClinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science2022
Issues in Estimating Interpretable Lower Order Factors in Second-Order Hierarchical Models: Commentary on Clark et al. (2021).
Article in Clinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Mediating Role of Trauma Connecting Psychiatric Family History and Adolescent Mental Health.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2025Article
- Evaluation of a new intrinsic and extrinsic motivation scale in youth with psychosis spectrum symptoms.Comprehensive psychiatry · 2023Article
- Associations of polygenic risk for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with general and specific dimensions of childhood psychological problems and facets of impulsivity.Journal of psychiatric research · 2022Article
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2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Clark and colleagues asserted that lower-order factors in second-order models are comparable to specific factors in bifactor models when residualized on the general factor (Clark et al., 2021). Modeling simulated data demonstrated that residualized lower-order factors are correlated with bifactor specific factors only to the extent that factor loadings are proportional. Modeling actual data with violations of proportionality showed that specific and residualized lower-order factors are not always highly correlated and have differential correlations with criterion variables, even when both models fit acceptably. Because proportionality constraints limit only second-order models, bifactor models should be the first option for hierarchical modeling.
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