ArticleRetrovirology2022
Comprehensive identification and characterization of the HERV-K (HML-9) group in the human genome.
Article in Retrovirology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Plasma exosomal HERV-K transcripts are increased in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.BMC neuroscience · 2026Article
- Retroviral Remnants in the Human Genome: Classification, Integration and Regulation.Molecular diagnosis & therapy · 2026Review
- Meiotic Recombination May Be Initiated by Copy Choice During DNA Synthesis Rather than Break/Join Mechanism.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Mutation Rate Variation and Other Challenges in 2-LTR Dating of Primate Endogenous Retrovirus Integrations.Journal of molecular evolution · 2025Review
- Evaluating of HERV-K Genes Expression in Sperm Samples Collected from Infertile Men Compared to Fertile Individuals: A Case-Control Study.Advanced biomedical research · 2025Article
- Functional Bidirectionality of ERV-Derived Long Non-Coding RNAs in Humans.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Comprehensive Identification and Characterization of HML-9 Group in Chimpanzee Genome.Viruses · 2024Article
- Comprehensive characterization of ERV-K (HML-8) in the chimpanzee genome revealed less genomic activity than humans.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Editorial: The evolution, characterization, and role of human endogenous retroviruses in health and diseases.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Review
- Contribution of Retrotransposons to the Pathogenesis of Type 1 Diabetes and Challenges in Analysis Methods.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- A Systems Biology Approach on the Regulatory Footprint of Human Endogenous Retroviruses (HERVs).Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- An assessment of bioinformatics tools for the detection of human endogenous retroviral insertions in short-read genome sequencing data.Frontiers in bioinformatics · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHuman endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) result from ancestral infections caused by exogenous retroviruses that became incorporated into the germline DNA and evolutionarily fixed in the human genome. HERVs can be transmitted vertically in a Mendelian fashion and be stably maintained in the human genome, of which they are estimated to comprise approximately 8%. HERV-K (HML1-10) transcription has been confirmed to be associated with a variety of diseases, such as breast cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer, melanoma, rheumatoid arthritis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. However, the poor characterization of HML-9 prevents a detailed understanding of the regulation of the expression of this family in humans and its impact on the host genome. In light of this, a precise and updated HERV-K HML-9 genomic map is urgently needed to better evaluate the role of these elements in human health.
resultsWe report a comprehensive analysis of the presence and distribution of HERV-K HML-9 elements within the human genome, with a detailed characterization of the structural and phylogenetic properties of the group. A total of 23 proviruses and 47 solo LTR elements were characterized, with a detailed description of the provirus structure, integration time, potential regulated genes, transcription factor binding sites (TFBS), and primer binding site (PBS) features. The integration time results showed that the HML-9 elements found in the human genome integrated into the primate lineage between 17.5 and 48.5 million years ago (mya).
conclusionThe results provide a clear characterization of HML-9 and a comprehensive background for subsequent functional studies.
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