ArticleJournal of extracellular vesicles2022
Neuropilin-1 is present on Foxp3+ T regulatory cell-derived small extracellular vesicles and mediates immunity against skin transplantation.
Article in Journal of extracellular vesicles, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Regulatory T cell induction strategies and applications in the treatment of immune and non-immune diseases.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Exosome therapy for flap and skin graft survival: A systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical evidence.JPRAS open · 2026Review
- Role of PANoptosis in intestinal diseases and its therapeutic implications.Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Review
- TGF-β-induced Tregs release extracellular vesicles that modulate CD4+ T-cell proliferation and phenotype in a Nrp1-dependent manner.ImmunoHorizons · 2026Article
- The evolution of vaccine strategies for colorectal cancer: from conventional approaches to the mRNA era.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The Role of MicroRNAs in Treg-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: A Narrative Review Focusing on Immune-Related Diseases.Journal of immunology research · 2026Review
- CD4+FoxP3+ T regulatory cells subsets release small extracellular vesicles containing cell death-related proteins as potential mechanism of T cell suppression.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Induced Treg-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Suppress CD4Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2025Article
- Regulatory Immune Cell-derived Exosomes: Modes of Action and Therapeutic Potential in Transplantation.Transplantation · 2025Review
- Neuropilin1-dependent paracrine signaling of cancer cells mediated by miRNA exosomal cargo.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Article
- Harnessing extracellular vesicle heterogeneity for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.Nature nanotechnology · 2025Review
- Extracellular vesicles for delivering therapeutic agents in ischemia/reperfusion injury.Asian journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2024Article
- Enhanced enrichment of extracellular vesicles for laboratory and clinical research from drop-sized blood samples.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2024Article
- Exosomal miR-181d-5p Derived from Rapamycin-Conditioned MDSC Alleviated Allograft Rejection by Targeting KLF6.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2023Article
- Extracellular Vesicles from Immune Cells: A Biomedical Perspective.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- 3D Printing of Microenvironment-Specific Bioinspired and Exosome-Reinforced Hydrogel Scaffolds for Efficient Cartilage and Subchondral Bone Regeneration.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2023Article
- A Review of Extracellular Vesicles in COVID-19 Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2023Review
- Dynamics of inflammatory cytokine expression in bovine endometrial cells exposed to cow blood plasma small extracellular vesicles (sEV) may reflect high fertility.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Tregs in transplantation tolerance: role and therapeutic potential.Frontiers in transplantation · 2023Review
- Roles of Regulatory T Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Human Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issuedErratum.2022
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Among the mechanisms of suppression that T regulatory (Treg) cells exert to control the immune responses, the secretion of small extracellular vesicles (sEV) has been recently proposed as a novel contact-independent immunomodulatory mechanism. Previous studies have demonstrated that Treg cells produce sEV, including exosomes, able to modulate the effector function of CD4+ T cells, and antigen presenting cells (APCs) such as dendritic cells (DCs) through the transfer of microRNA, cytokines, the production of adenosine, among others. Previously, we have demonstrated that Neuropilin-1 (Nrp1) is required for Tregs-mediated immunosuppression mainly by impacting on the phenotype and function of effector CD4+ T cells. Here, we show that Foxp3+ Treg cells secrete sEV, which bear Nrp1 in their membrane. These sEV modulate effector CD4+ T cell phenotype and proliferation in vitro in a Nrp1-dependent manner. Proteomic analysis indicated that sEV obtained from wild type (wt) and Nrp1KO Treg cells differed in proteins related to immune tolerance, finding less representation of CD73 and Granzyme B in sEV obtained from Nrp1KO Treg cells. Likewise, we show that Nrp1 is required in Treg cell-derived sEV for inducing skin transplantation tolerance, since a reduction in graft survival and an increase on M1/M2 ratio were found in animals treated with Nrp1KO Treg cell-derived sEV. Altogether, this study describes for the first time that Treg cells secrete sEV containing Nrp1 and that this protein, among others, is necessary to promote transplantation tolerance in vivo via sEV local administration.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.