ReviewEuropean respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society2022
No smoke without fire: the impact of cigarette smoking on the immune control of tuberculosis.
Review in European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Quantifying the evidence and burden of smoking behaviour on tuberculosis incidence among adult population: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of global health · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of the LEARNS model-based self-management education on short-term treatment outcomes among newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients: a randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in public health · 2026Trial
- Iron, Tuberculosis, and Particle-Related Exposures Including Smoking.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Risk Factors, Distribution Patterns, and Their Implications for Environmentally Based Tuberculosis Transmission Risk Control Strategies.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- γδ T Cells at the Crossroads of Tuberculosis and COPD: From Early Immunity to Tissue Remodeling.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Features of low-dose CT-detected lung nodules: individuals who never smoked vs. who smoke(d) in a Chinese general population.European radiology · 2026Article
- Success rates of DR-TB patients and associated factors in Tanzania: a six-year cohort study.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Beyond the Lungs: Cardiovascular Risk in COPD Patients with a History of Tuberculosis-A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Secondary Aspergillus candidus infection in a lung cancer patient with a heavy smoking history: a case report.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- A QuantiFERONInfection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- Global Burden of Tuberculosis and Drug-Resistant Subtypes Among Women of Childbearing Age from 1990 to 2021, with Projections to 2030.International journal of women's health · 2026Article
- Autophagy andFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Lesion-specific features of macrophage polarization contribute toFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Effect of smoking on drug-resistant tuberculosis treatment outcomes and potential mechanistic pathways: a multicountry cohort study.BMJ open respiratory research · 2025Observational
- Unraveling the Drivers of Tuberculosis: A Retrospective Panel Data Study Across 70 Developing Countries.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Characteristics and smoking behaviors among patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) in South Africa.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Tuberculosis and drug resistance in a region of Southern Italy among native and foreign-born populations: A twelve-year province-based study.Journal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases · 2025Article
- Global, regional, and national burden of tuberculosis due to smoking, 1990-2021: analysis for the Global Burden of Disease study.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- A scoping review about smoking, smoking cessation and their effects on anti-tuberculosis agents: insights into drug metabolisms, safety, and effectiveness.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Identification of Factors Determining Patterns of Serum C-Reactive Protein Level Reduction in Response to Treatment Initiation in Patients with Drug-Susceptible Pulmonary Tuberculosis.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) exposure is a key risk factor for both active and latent tuberculosis (TB). It is associated with delayed diagnosis, more severe disease progression, unfavourable treatment outcomes and relapse after treatment. Critically, CS exposure is common in heavily populated areas with a high burden of TB, such as China, India and the Russian Federation. It is therefore prudent to evaluate interventions for TB while taking into account the immunological impacts of CS exposure. This review is a mechanistic examination of how CS exposure impairs innate barrier defences, as well as alveolar macrophage, neutrophil, dendritic cell and T-cell functions, in the context of TB infection and disease.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.