ArticlePloS one2022
Chronic kidney disease causes and outcomes in children: Perspective from a LMIC setting.
Article in PloS one, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05714176 (Comparative Clinical Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Oral Liposomal Iron, Oral Iron Supported Lactoferrin and IV Iron Dextran in Children With Chronic Kidney Disease), which is not on this map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Comparative Clinical Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Oral Liposomal Iron, Oral Iron Supported Lactoferrin and IV Iron Dextran in Children With Chronic Kidney Disease
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Liposomal iron dramatic effect on chronic kidney disease pediatric anemia: a randomized clinical trial.Pediatric research · 2026Trial
- Oral lactoferrin as a treatment of pediatrics' anemia resulted from chronic kidney diseases: a randomized controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Association between PFAS and renal function indicators in cord blood of newborns: modifying effects of newborn sex and maternal factors.Annals of medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Association of UACR and UPCR with kidney failure: analysis of observational data in children with chronic kidney disease.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2026Observational
- Ten tips for kidney biopsy in cancer patients.Clinical kidney journal · 2026Review
- Impact of chronic kidney disease stage on seizure frequency and severity in pediatric epilepsy patients.BMC nephrology · 2026Article
- Pediatric kidney replacement therapies in low-to-middle income countries: a review and white paper.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Review
- Chronic kidney disease (stages 3-5) in children at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, 2000-2019.BMC nephrology · 2026Article
- Vaccination in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease: Current Status and Perspectives.Vaccines · 2025Review
- A Phenomenological Study of the Lived Illness Experience of Adolescents with Chronic Glomerular Disease.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- Economic burden of inpatient hospitalizations for pediatric chronic kidney disease in the US.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2025Article
- Cost-Effectiveness of Intensive Blood Pressure Control in Youth With Chronic Kidney Disease.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2025Article
- Ophthalmological changes in children with advanced stage of chronic kidney disease: a hospital-based study.BMJ paediatrics open · 2024Article
- Assessment of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and irisin concentration in children with chronic kidney disease: a pilot study.BMC nephrology · 2024Article
- Cystatin C as a Marker of Kidney Function in Children.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Kidney transplantation in low- and middle-income countries: the Transplant Links experience.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2024Review
- Role of Nutrients in Pediatric Non-Dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease: From Pathogenesis to Correct Supplementation.Biomedicines · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectiveChronic kidney disease (CKD) constitutes a major public health challenge, with a global prevalence of 15-74.7 cases /million children. Preventing CKD in children, slowing its progression and management of complications are essential, especially in challenged health systems in low middle income countries (LMIC). We conducted a retrospective review to assess the underlying cause and stage of CKD at presentation and clinical outcomes in children and adolescents at the Indus Hospital and Health Network (IHHN) in Karachi, Pakistan.
methodsChildren 0-16 years with CKD stage 1 and/or higher at presentation were included. Data including demographics, clinical status and lab results at presentation and during follow-up, surgical intervention if any, kidney function at last visit and outcome at last follow-up was recorded.
resultsA total of 229 children diagnosed with CKD are included in our study. The median age at diagnosis was 10 years with male: female ratio of 1.8:1. Only 5% children presented in stage 1 CKD. The rate of adverse outcomes is 4.5 times higher in children with CKD stage 3-5 compared to early CKD. Congenital anomaly of kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) was the underlying cause in 49% children. Children with glomerular disease had comparatively worse outcome. Proteinuria, hypertension, anemia and bone disease were associated with high morbidity and mortality.
conclusionThe true epidemiology of childhood CKD is unknown in Pakistan. Our cohort showed better CKD outcomes in children diagnosed early with appropriate surgical and medical follow-up. Prompt diagnosis, treatment and prevention of progression can be life-saving in our setting. CKD registry data can inform policy changes that can prevent poor outcomes.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.