ReviewSeminars in immunopathology2022
The immunology of Parkinson's disease.
Review in Seminars in immunopathology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- Physical exercise and inflammation in Parkinson's disease: a review.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Pooled it
- Standardized clinical assessments and advanced AI-driven instruments used to evaluate neurofunctional deficits, including within biomarker based framework, in Parkinson's disease - human intelligence made vs. AI models - systematic review.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Neuroinflammation and noradrenergic modulation with β2-adrenoceptors: Emerging therapeutic targets for Parkinson's diseases.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Cross-link Between CircRNAs and Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's Disease.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Akkermansia muciniphila : A next-generation gut probiotic supporting neurorepair and functional recovery.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Review
- α-Synuclein-Targeted Immunotherapies in Parkinson's Disease: In Silico, In Vitro and Clinical Perspectives.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Dapagliflozin ameliorates motor deficits in a Parkinson's disease model induced by 6-OHDA: An integrative in vivo and in silico approach from α-synuclein/A2AAR/TH/TNF-α to APAF-1/caspase-3 modulation.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Article
- Multi-omics analysis of deep brain stimulation associated with brain-gut axis modulation and symptom amelioration in a Parkinson's disease mouse model.Biology direct · 2026Article
- Functional alterations of peripheral blood CD4+ T lymphocyte subsets in patients with Parkinson disease: A review.Medicine · 2026Review
- Overcoming Oxidative Stress in Parkinson's Disease: NADPH Oxidase 4 (NOX4) as a Potential Therapeutic Target.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Reduced expression of SOCS1-5 and STAT5a genes in Parkinson's disease patients: evidence for dysregulated immune signaling.Molecular biology reports · 2026Article
- The crosstalk between blood-brain barrier and neural cells: bidirectional regulation of brain function and pathology.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Review
- Mitophagy-NLRP3 Inflammasome Crosstalk in Parkinson's Disease: Pathogenic Mechanisms and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- ACE2 Alleviates Microglia Neuroinflammation by RANK-RANKL-OPG Axis in Parkinson's Disease.Inflammation · 2025Article
- Electroacupuncture ameliorates Autism Spectrum Disorder via modulating the gut-brain axis depending on the integrity of vagus nerve.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Whole transcriptome analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from de novo and drug-naive Parkinson's disease patients.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2025Article
- The application of telmisartan in central nervous system disorders.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2025Review
- Differential gene expression and immune profiling in Parkinson's disease: unveiling potential candidate biomarkers.BMC neurology · 2025Article
- Parkinson's Disease: Bridging Gaps, Building Biomarkers, and Reimagining Clinical Translation.Cells · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder which affects 6.1 million people worldwide. The neuropathological hallmarks include the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, the presence of Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites caused by α-synuclein aggregation, and neuroinflammation in the brain. The prodromal phase happens years before the onset of PD during which time many patients show gastro-intestinal symptoms. These symptoms are in support of Braak's theory and model where pathological α-synuclein propagates from the gut to the brain. Importantly, immune responses play a determinant role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. The innate immune responses triggered by microglia can cause neuronal death and disease progression. In addition, T cells infiltrate into the brains of PD patients and become involved in the adaptive immune responses. Interestingly, α-synuclein is associated with both innate and adaptive immune responses by directly interacting with microglia and T cells. Here, we give a detailed review of the immunobiology of Parkinson's disease, focusing on the role α-synuclein in the gut-brain axis hypothesis, the innate and adaptive immune responses involved in the disease, and current treatments.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.