ArticleMicrobiology spectrum2022
Synergistic Antifungal Effect of a Combination of Iron Deficiency and Calcium Supplementation.
Article in Microbiology spectrum, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Repurposing the antispasmodic drug pinaverium bromide as a novel antifungal agent and synergist againstVirulence · 2026Article
- Otilonium bromide exhibits novel antifungal activity againstVirulence · 2026Article
- Role ofJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Ferroptosis and iron-based therapies inVirulence · 2025Review
- Differential hypo-osmotic stress responses and regulatory mechanisms ofApplied and environmental microbiology · 2025Article
- The HOG signal pathway contributes to survival strategies of the piezo-tolerant fungusApplied and environmental microbiology · 2025Article
- Transcription factor Hap2p regulates antioxidant stress responses to maintain miconazole resistance inMycology · 2025Article
- Iron modulation drives biofilm formation and virulence enzyme production in emerging clinicalFrontiers in fungal biology · 2025Article
- Predicting the risk of pulmonary infection in patients with chronic kidney failure: A-CInternational urology and nephrology · 2024Article
- Clinico-Demographic Parameters of Oral Fungal Infections: An Institutional Retrospective Study.Cureus · 2024Article
- Article
- Regulatory and pathogenic mechanisms in response to iron deficiency and excess in fungi.Microbial biotechnology · 2023Review
- Bibliometric Review on New Possibilities of Antimycobacterial Agents: Exploring Siderophore Desferrioxamine's Applications as an Antimicrobial Agent.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Mitochondrial Membrane-Associated Protein Mba1 Confers Antifungal Resistance by Affecting the Production of Reactive Oxygen Species in Aspergillus fumigatus.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2023Article
- Vitamin D may alleviate pre-eclampsia by modulating the ferroptosis signalling pathway: A hypothesis based on recent literature.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2023Review
- Role of Iron and Iron Overload in the Pathogenesis of Invasive Fungal Infections in Patients with Hematological Malignancies.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Fungal diseases have become a major public health issue worldwide. Increasing drug resistance and the limited number of available antifungals result in high morbidity and mortality. Metal-based drugs have been reported to be therapeutic agents against major protozoan diseases, but knowledge of their ability to function as antifungals is limited. In this study, we found that calcium supplementation combined with iron deficiency causes dramatic growth inhibition of the human fungal pathogens Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans, and Cryptococcus neoformans. Calcium induces the downregulation of iron uptake-related genes and, in particular, causes a decrease in the expression of the transcription factor HapX, which tends to transcriptionally activate siderophore-mediated iron acquisition under iron-deficient conditions. Iron deficiency causes calcium overload and the overproduction of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and perturbed ion homeostasis suppresses fungal growth. These phenomena are consistently identified in azole-resistant A. fumigatus isolates. The findings here imply that low iron availability lets cells mistakenly absorb calcium as a substitute, causing calcium abnormalities. Thus, there is a mutual effect between iron and calcium in fungal pathogens, and the combination of calcium with an iron chelator could serve to improve antifungal therapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.