SynthesisInternational immunopharmacology2022
Adverse events following COVID-19 vaccination: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in International immunopharmacology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 98 citations in OpenAlex.
- An overview and single-arm meta-analysis of immune-mediated adverse events following COVID-19 vaccination.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Pooled it
- Immunogenicity and safety of COVID-19 vaccines among people living with HIV: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Epidemiology and infection · 2023Pooled it
- Autoimmune diabetes mellitus after COVID-19 vaccination in adult population: a systematic review of case reports.BMC endocrine disorders · 2023Pooled it
- Immunogenicity and safety of DS-5670d, an omicron XBB.1.5-targeting COVID-19 mRNA vaccine: A phase 3, randomized, active-controlled study.PLoS medicine · 2025Trial
- Safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of INO-4500, a synthetic DNA-based vaccine against Lassa virus, in a phase 1b clinical trial in healthy Ghanaian adults.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Trial
- COVID-19 Vaccine Coverage and Adverse Event Among Cancer Patients During the 2021-2022 SARS-CoV-2 Outbreaks in Thailand: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of community health · 2026Article
- mRNA COVID-19 vaccines: science versus misinformation.RNA (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Factors associated with serious adverse event following immunization: a real-world analysis of the vaccine adverse event reporting system 2025.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- A systematic review of COVID-19's impact on pregnancy outcomes.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Review
- Article
- ARNAX is an ideal adjuvant for COVID-19 vaccines to enhance antigen-specific CD4Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Improving entity recognition using ensembles of deep learning and fine-tuned large language models: A case study on adverse event extraction from VAERS and social media.Journal of biomedical informatics · 2025Article
- Self-Reported Adverse Events Following COVID-19 Vaccination Among Medical Sciences Students After a Symptomatology Training Program: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Mental symptoms in post-COVID syndrome and post-COVID-19 vaccination syndrome: results of a representative population survey.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Recombinant receptor-binding motif of spike COVID-19 vaccine candidate induces SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody response.BioImpacts : BI · 2025Article
- Serious adverse events following immunization and predictors of mortality associated with COVID-19 vaccination in India: a secondary data analysis of nationwide causality assessments.Therapeutic advances in vaccines and immunotherapy · 2025Article
- The Impact of Vaccination on COVID-19, Influenza, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Related Outcomes: A Narrative Review.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2025Review
- Reported Adverse Events (Side Effects) Following COVID-19 Vaccination Among University Students and Staff: A Case of Islamic University in Uganda.The East African health research journal · 2025Article
- Feasibility and Effectiveness of Vaccines for COVID-19: An Umbrella Review.Archives of academic emergency medicine · 2025Review
- Anti-COVID-19 Vaccination in the Italian General Population: Proactive Clinical Risk Analysis Using Failure Mode, Effects, and Criticality Analysis Technique.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHigh speed of COVID-19 vaccination has raised some concerns about the safety of the new vaccines. It is of a great importance to perform a review of the safety and efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccines.
methodsTwo International electronic databases (PubMed, ISI) were searched for clinical trials reporting efficacy and safety of COVID-19 vaccines compared to control group. Pooled risk ratio (RR) for total, systemic and local adverse events following immunization was calculated for different vaccine modalities.
resultsThe pooled RRs of total adverse reactions for Inactivated, mRNA, and vector vaccines were 1.46 (95% CI: 1.19-1.78), 2.01 (95% CI: 1.82 - 2.23), and 1.65 (95% CI: 1.31 - 2.32) respectively. The pooled RR for occurrence of systemic adverse reactions following immunization for different vaccine modalities was 1.13 (95% CI: 0.79 - 1.61), 1.53 (95% CI 1.08 - 2.16), 1.58 (95% CI: 1.13 - 1.90), 0.72 (95% CI: 0.34 - 1.55), and 1.62 (95% CI: 1.39 - 1.89) for inactivated vaccine, mRNA, vector, DNA, and protein subunit vaccines respectively. The pooled RR of local adverse event following immunization with inactivated vaccine, mRNA vaccine, vector vaccine, DNA vaccine, and protein subunit vaccine was 2.18 (95% CI: 1.32 - 3.59), 4.96 (95% CI: 4.02 - 6.11), 1.48 (95% CI: 0.88-2.50) 1.04 (95% CI: 0.12-8.75), and 4.09 (95% CI: 2.63-6.35) respectively.
conclusionmRNA vaccines are associated with greater risk of adverse events following immunization. However, at the present moment the benefits of all types of vaccines approved by WHO, still outweigh the risks of them and vaccination if available, is highly recommended.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.