ArticleCerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)2023
Sensory modality and spoken language shape reading network in blind readers of Braille.
Article in Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 14 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Neurodiversity in the brain: More variable localization of face regions in autism.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Manifold lateralisation and variability in the language connectome at 7T.Research square · 2026Article
- Visual experience shapes functional connectivity between occipital and non-visual networks.eLife · 2026Article
- Functional reorganization of the visual cortex in blindness: a connectivity perspective.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Review
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- Article
- Mirror-invariance is not exclusively visual but extends to touch.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Neural specialization for 'visual' concepts emerges in the absence of vision.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Reduced lateralization of the language network in the blind and its relationship with white matter tract neuroanatomy.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2024Article
- Decoding Reach Direction in Early "Visual" Cortex of Congenitally Blind Individuals.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2023Article
- Reading Braille by Touch Recruits Posterior Parietal Cortex.Journal of cognitive neuroscience · 2023Article
- Letter-similarity effects in braille word recognition.Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006) · 2023Article
- The role of the left ventral occipitotemporal cortex in speech processing-The influence of visual deprivation.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2023Article
- Beyond the Visual Word Form Area - a cognitive characterization of the left ventral occipitotemporal cortex.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The neural basis of reading is highly consistent across many languages and scripts. Are there alternative neural routes to reading? How does the sensory modality of symbols (tactile vs. visual) influence their neural representations? We examined these questions by comparing reading of visual print (sighted group, n = 19) and tactile Braille (congenitally blind group, n = 19). Blind and sighted readers were presented with written (words, consonant strings, non-letter shapes) and spoken stimuli (words, backward speech) that varied in word-likeness. Consistent with prior work, the ventral occipitotemporal cortex (vOTC) was active during Braille and visual reading. A posterior/anterior vOTC word-form gradient was observed only in sighted readers with more anterior regions preferring larger orthographic units (words). No such gradient was observed in blind readers. Consistent with connectivity predictions, in blind compared to sighted readers, posterior parietal cortices were recruited to a greater degree and contained word-preferring patches. Lateralization of Braille in blind readers was predicted by laterality of spoken language and reading hand. The effect of spoken language increased along a cortical hierarchy, whereas effect of reading hand waned. These results suggested that the neural basis of reading is influenced by symbol modality and spoken language and support connectivity-based views of cortical function.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.