Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35670960›Full record

ArticleBritish journal of clinical pharmacology2022

Volumetric microsampling for simultaneous remote immunosuppressant and kidney function monitoring in outpatient kidney transplant recipients.

Tom C Zwart, Erik Metscher, Paul J M van der Boog, Jesse J Swen, Johan W de Fijter, Henk-Jan Guchelaar, Aiko P J de Vries, Dirk Jan A R Moes

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in British journal of clinical pharmacology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
27citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
7.9field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Observational
  3. Low Tacrolimus CClinical pharmacokinetics · 2026
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  8. Evaluation of hematocrit-adjusted conversion strategies for mycophenolic acid and tacrolimus monitoring using volumetric absorptive microsampling in lung and renal transplant recipients.Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Tom C ZwartDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0003-3692-0901
Erik MetscherDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Paul J M van der BoogDepartment of Internal Medicine (Nephrology), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Jesse J SwenDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Johan W de FijterDepartment of Internal Medicine (Nephrology), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Henk-Jan GuchelaarDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Aiko P J de VriesDepartment of Internal Medicine (Nephrology), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Dirk Jan A R MoesDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Leiden University Medical Center · NL

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsImmunosuppressant and kidney function monitoring are crucial for kidney transplant recipient follow-up. Microsamples enable remote sampling and minimise patient burden as compared to conventional venous sampling at the clinic. We developed a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay to quantify tacrolimus, mycophenolic acid (MPA), creatinine and iohexol in dried blood spot (DBS), and volumetric absorptive microsample (VAMS) samples.

methodsThe assay was successfully validated analytically for all analytes. Clinical validation was conducted by direct comparison of paired DBS, VAMS and venous reference samples from 25 kidney transplant recipients. Patients received iohexol 5-15 minutes before immunosuppressant intake and were sampled 0, 1, 2 and 3 hours thereafter, enabling tacrolimus and MPA area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) and creatinine-based and iohexol-based glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimation. Method agreement was evaluated using Passing-Bablok regression, Bland-Altman analysis and the percentages of values within 15-30% of the reference (P

resultsFor DBS samples, method agreement was excellent for tacrolimus trough concentrations (n = 25, P

conclusionThe assay was successfully validated for tacrolimus, MPA and creatinine quantification in DBS samples, enabling simultaneous remote kidney function trend monitoring and immunosuppressant therapeutic drug monitoring in kidney transplant recipients.

Indexed as

Immunosuppressive AgentsKidney TransplantationCreatinineDried Blood Spot TestingDrug MonitoringHumansIohexolKidneyMycophenolic AcidOutpatientsTacrolimusCreatinineImmunosuppressive AgentsIohexolMycophenolic AcidTacrolimusimmunosuppressantskidney functionkidney transplantationmicrosamplingtherapeutic drug monitoring

Identifiers

PMID35670960
PMCPMC9796409
OpenAlexW4281619824

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.