ArticleInternational forum of allergy & rhinology2023
Persistent discharge or edema after endoscopic sinus surgery in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis is associated with a type 1 or 3 endotype.
Article in International forum of allergy & rhinology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Biomarker Axes, Detection Limits, and Endotype Stability in CRS: Reply to Katkuri et al. and Hong.International forum of allergy & rhinology · 2026Article
- Effects of type 3 and neutrophilic inflammation on type 2 chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2026Article
- Nrf2: A Promising Therapeutic Target for Glucocorticoid-Resistant Chronic Rhinosinusitis.Clinical and experimental otorhinolaryngology · 2026Review
- Factors Affecting Nasal Discharge in Chronic Rhinosinusitis Patients.The Laryngoscope · 2025Article
- Efficacy and Safety of Xylitol Nasal Irrigation after Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Study.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- The efficacy of steroid-eluting stents on the local inflammation of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis after endoscopic sinus surgery: a multicenter prospective longitudinal study.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2023Article
- Persistent discharge or edema after endoscopic sinus surgery in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis is associated with a type 1 or 3 endotype.International forum of allergy & rhinology · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPatients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) may have persistence of polyps, discharge, or edema after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Inflammation in CRS can be classified into three endotypes, with the presence of polyps associated with the type 2 endotype. Here, we evaluate the endotypic underpinnings of discharge or edema without polyps after ESS.
methodsAt a visit 6-12 months post ESS, patients underwent endoscopy and completed the CRS-PRO and SNOT-22. Luminex analysis of middle meatal mucus obtained at that visit was performed for IFN-γ, ECP, and IL-17a. Type 1, 2, and 3 endotypes were defined as greater than the 90th percentile expression of each marker, respectively, in controls. Wilcoxon rank-sum and chi-squared tests were used to compare cytokine levels and endotype prevalence between those with and without endoscopic findings.
resultsA total of 122 CRS patients completed a clinical exam (median: 8.2 months post ESS). Of the 122 patients, 107 did not have polyps on endoscopy. Of these 107 patients, 48 had discharge, 44 had edema, and 46 had neither discharge nor edema. Compared with those patients without any findings, patients with discharge or edema reported significantly worse severity as measured by CRS-PRO (10.5 vs. 7.0, p = 0.009; 12.0 vs. 7.0, p < 0.001; respectively), and had higher post-ESS IFN-γ, ECP, and IL-17a. Patients with discharge had higher prevalence of only T1 and T3 endotypes, while patients with edema had higher prevalence of only the T3 endotype.
conclusionsPost-ESS discharge or edema in the absence of polyps was associated with higher patient-reported outcome severity and was more strongly associated with type 1 or 3 inflammation.
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