SynthesisNeuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society2022
A Systematic Review of the Safety and Tolerability of Theta Burst Stimulation in Children and Adolescents.
Synthesis in Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of transcranial magnetic stimulation in anorexia nervosa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Eating and weight disorders : EWD · 2025Pooled it
- Treatment Response of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Intellectually Capable Youth and Young Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Neuropsychology review · 2023Pooled it
- Accelerated continuous theta burst stimulation targeting left primary motor cortex for children with autism spectrum disorder: multicentre randomised sham controlled trial.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2026Trial
- Effects of accelerated intermittent θ burst stimulation on depressive episodes and cognitive function in adolescents with bipolar disorder.BMC psychiatry · 2025Trial
- Feasibility and Tolerability of Daily Theta Burst Stimulation in Autistic Youth with Intellectual Disabilities and Minimally Speaking Status: A Pilot Double-Blind Randomized Sham-Controlled Trial.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2025Trial
- Accelerated Theta Burst Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Refractory Depression in Autism Spectrum Disorder.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2025Trial
- Novel therapeutics in autism spectrum disorder.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2026Review
- Deep transcranial magnetic stimulation and intermittent theta burst stimulation in youth compared to adults with depression: a retrospective analysis of open-label treatment.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2025Article
- Role of Accelerated Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation in Hand Dystonia: From Acute Phase to Maintenance Treatment.Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Article
- The effects of intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) on resting-state brain entropy (BEN).Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2025Article
- Feasibility, safety, and efficacy of high-dose intermittent theta burst stimulation in children with autism spectrum disorder: study protocol for a pilot randomized sham-controlled trial.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Pilot study with randomised control of dual site theta burst transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) for methamphetamine use disorder: a protocol for the TARTAN study.Pilot and feasibility studies · 2024Article
- A Systematic Review of Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation for Neurocognitive Dysfunction in Older Adults with Schizophrenia.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTheta burst stimulation (TBS) is often used in clinical practice and research protocols for adults with neuropsychiatric disorders. There are substantial knowledge gaps related to the application of TBS in children and adolescents. This systematic review examined the safety and tolerability of TBS in children and adolescents. MATERIALS AND
methodsA systematic review of human TBS studies in children and adolescents was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The following inclusion criteria were applied: 1) articles in English language only; 2) studies that included child and adolescent participants (up to 21 years of age); 3) studies that administered intermittent TBS or continuous TBS or both to participants; 4) studies that had an outcome measure; and 5) availability of full text material. The primary outcome measures were tolerability and safety. When feasible, the clinical effects were reviewed.
resultsTwenty relevant articles met the criteria for inclusion. The reported adverse events were mild and similar to what is noted in adult studies. The most common symptom was headache. One case report described a seizure induced by TBS. Collectively, the studies were heterogeneous but the methodologic quality of randomized trials was high.
conclusionsTBS interventions in children may have similar safety, tolerability, and feasibility as compared to adults. However, long-term, follow-up studies of TBS are lacking. Future dose-ranging studies with systematic assessment of adverse events will be important in the translation of findings with TBS from adults to youth.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.