ArticleTransplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation2022
Evolution of the Definition of Rejection in Kidney Transplantation and Its Use as an Endpoint in Clinical Trials.
Article in Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Graft rejection across solid organ transplants: mechanisms, monitoring, and immunosuppressive therapeutics.Frontiers in surgery · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Interpretable SVM Model for Predicting CMV Infection in Seropositive Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Single-Center Retrospective Study.Infection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- Full-House Nephropathy Without Lupus Manifesting During Acute Kidney Allograft Rejection: A Case Report.Clinical case reports · 2026Article
- Long-term outcomes and influencing factors following pediatric kidney transplantation: a single-center cohort study from China.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Interstitial Foci Expression of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1: A Potential Biomarker for Kidney Transplant Rejection.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Mimicking Clinical Rejection Patterns in a Rat Osteomyocutaneous Flap Model of Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation.The Journal of surgical research · 2024Article
- The Banff 2022 Kidney Meeting Work Plan: Data-driven refinement of the Banff Classification for renal allografts.American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons · 2024Article
- Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) in Kidney Transplantation: A Guardian against Rejection.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Sex-specific time trends of long-term graft survival after kidney transplantation - a registry-based study.Renal failure · 2023Article
- Alloimmune Risk Stratification for Kidney Transplant Rejection.Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation · 2022Article
- Rationale for Surrogate Endpoints and Conditional Marketing Authorization of New Therapies for Kidney Transplantation.Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation · 2022Review
- Proposed Definitions of T Cell-Mediated Rejection and Tubulointerstitial Inflammation as Clinical Trial Endpoints in Kidney Transplantation.Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 5 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This article outlines the evolving definition of rejection following kidney transplantation. The viewpoints and evidence presented were included in documentation prepared for a Broad Scientific Advice request to the European Medicines Agency (EMA), relating to clinical trial endpoints in kidney transplantation. This request was initiated by the European Society for Organ Transplantation (ESOT) in 2016 and finalized following discussions between the EMA and ESOT in 2020. In ESOT's opinion, the use of "biopsy-proven acute rejection" as an endpoint for clinical trials in kidney transplantation is no longer accurate, although it is still the approved histopathological endpoint. The spectrum of rejection is now divided into the phenotypes of borderline changes, T cell-mediated rejection, and antibody-mediated rejection, with the latter two phenotypes having further subclassifications. Rejection is also described in relation to graft (dys)function, diagnosed because of protocol (surveillance) or indication (for-cause) biopsies. The ongoing use of outdated terminology has become a potential barrier to clinical research in kidney transplantation. This article presents these perspectives and issues, and provides a foundation on which subsequent articles within this Special Issue of Transplant International build.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.