ArticleFrontiers in endocrinology2022
Association of Sex Hormones and Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin Levels With Bone Mineral Density in Adolescents Aged 12-19 Years.
Article in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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18 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between serum vitamins and sex hormone levels in adolescent males: based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).Hormones (Athens, Greece) · 2026Article
- Review
- Clinical Epidemiology, Patterns and Treatment of Maxillofacial Fractures in Children and Adolescents: A 15-Year Retrospective Study.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- A predictive model for low bone mass in pediatric and adolescent patients with transfusion-dependent beta-thalassemia.Translational pediatrics · 2025Article
- Association of triglycerides with bone mineral density in children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Article
- Association between Non high density lipoprotein to high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and bone mineral density.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Characterizing low femoral neck BMD in Qatar Biobank participants using machine learning models.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Article
- Correlation Analysis between Serum Uric Acid Levels and Bone Mineral Density in Children with Obesity.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2025Article
- Effects of two forms of school-based high-intensity interval training on body fat, blood pressure, and cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescents: randomized control trial with eight-week follow-up-the PEER-HEART study.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Article
- The association between the albumin to globulin ratio and thoracic spine bone mineral density in adolescents: NHANES 2011-2016.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Age-dependent association between lifestyle oxidative balance score and bone mineral density in children and adolescents: evidence from the NHANES 2015-2018.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Article
- Assessing the Efficacy of Acanthoic Acid Isolated fromCurrent issues in molecular biology · 2024Article
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- Association of per- and polyfluoroalkylated substances/heavy metals and bone health in children and adolescents.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- The effect of sex steroid hormones on the ecology ofBiofilm · 2023Article
- Risk factor analysis for tibial tubercle avulsion fractures in children.International orthopaedics · 2023Article
- The correlation between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and bone mineral density in adolescents: a cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Sex hormones are recognized to play a significant role in increasing bone mineral density (BMD) and promoting bone maturation during adolescence. The purpose of our study was to use a database with large population data to evaluate the association of BMD with sex hormones (including testosterone and estradiol) and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) in adolescent boys and girls aged 12-19 years. Methods: The data for our study were taken from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2016, and we used weighted multiple linear regression models to assess the relationship between testosterone, estradiol, and SHBG and total BMD. We use weighted generalized additive models and smooth curve fitting to discover underlying nonlinear relationships. Results: A total of 1648 teenagers (853 boys, 795 girls) were selected for the final analysis. In boys, testosterone and estradiol levels were positively associated with total BMD, whereas SHBG levels were negatively associated with total BMD after adjusting for covariates [P < 0.05; 95% confidence interval (CI)]. In addition, there was a point between estradiol and total BMD, after which the positive correlation between estradiol and total BMD was relatively insignificant in boys. In girls, there was a positive association between estradiol and total BMD (P < 0.05; 95% CI), but there was no significant association between the testosterone (β 0.0004; 95% CI -0.0001 to 0.0008) or SHBG (β -0.0001; 95% CI -0.0002 to 0.0001) levels and total BMD. We also found an inverted U-shaped association between testosterone and total BMD with the inflection point at 25.4 ng/dL of testosterone. Conclusions: We found differences in the association of sex hormones with total BMD in boys and girls. Based on our findings, an appropriate increase in serum testosterone levels may be beneficial for skeletal development in girls because of the inverted U-shaped relationship (with the inflection point at 25.4 ng/dL of testosterone), and a high testosterone level might be detrimental to BMD. Furthermore, keeping estradiol levels below a certain level in boys (24.3 pg/mL) may be considered.
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