ReviewNature reviews. Materials2022
Engineering the multiscale complexity of vascular networks.
Review in Nature reviews. Materials, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 123 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
123 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Vascularised organoids: Recent advances and applications in cancer research.Clinical and translational medicine · 2025Pooled it
- 3D bioprinting of tissues and organs for systemic diseases and localized injuries.Military Medical Research · 2026Review
- 3D bioprinting of flap-tissue with heterogenous cells and flexible perfusable vessels.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Suspended particles for omnidirectional template sacrifice for rapid vascular patterning within engineered tissues.Science advances · 2026Article
- Engineering Multiscale Vasculature: Biological Principles, Design Constraints, and Advanced Biofabrication Strategies for Functional Vascular Networks.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Acoustic Tweezers-Assisted Biomaterial Molding in Petri Dishes (TAMP) for Engineering Glioma Tissues With Controlled Cellular and Extracellular Matrix Architectures.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- Synthesis and characterization of trivalent cations (FeRSC advances · 2026Article
- Harnessing inter-spheroid spacing and structural connectivity to direct collective cell migration and host vessel integration in 3D engineered tissue.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Topological Tracks Patterned via 3D Printing Vascularize Murine Organ-Scale Constructs.Cell biomaterials · 2026Article
- 4D force patterning enables spatial control of angiogenesis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Photothermal Ablation Blotting for Capillary-Scale Microvasculature Engineering.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Engineering and Integrating Blood Vessel Organoids: a Comprehensive Blueprint for Physiological and Disease Modeling.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2026Review
- Spatial distribution and density of fibroblasts determine angiogenic response of endothelial cells.Research square · 2026Article
- Computational design of artificial supply networks for engineered human tissue.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Disease modelling with in vitro vascularised organoids.Disease models & mechanisms · 2026Review
- Tuning scaffold degradation with non-natural peptidomimetics to control human umbilical vein endothelial cell morphology and vessel formation.Acta biomaterialia · 2026Article
- Development of a Synthetic Hydrogel to Foster Microvascularization of an Endometriosis Microphysiological System.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Advances in In Vitro Vascularization of Engineered Tissues: From Microvessel Formation to Hepatic Tissue Integration.Regenerative therapy · 2026Article
- Co-Culture of Mammalian Cells and Photosynthetic Microorganisms for Oxygen Supply in Engineered Tissues.Cell proliferation · 2026Article
- 3D triply periodic minimal surface gyroid hydrogel scaffolds for soft tissue engineering.Nature communications · 2026Article
63 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The survival of vertebrate organisms depends on highly regulated delivery of oxygen and nutrients through vascular networks that pervade nearly all tissues in the body. Dysregulation of these vascular networks is implicated in many common human diseases such as hypertension, coronary artery disease, diabetes and cancer. Therefore, engineers have sought to create vascular networks within engineered tissues for applications such as regenerative therapies, human disease modelling and pharmacological testing. Yet engineering vascular networks has historically remained difficult, owing to both incomplete understanding of vascular structure and technical limitations for vascular fabrication. This Review highlights the materials advances that have enabled transformative progress in vascular engineering by ushering in new tools for both visualizing and building vasculature. New methods such as bioprinting, organoids and microfluidic systems are discussed, which have enabled the fabrication of 3D vascular topologies at a cellular scale with lumen perfusion. These approaches to vascular engineering are categorized into technology-driven and nature-driven approaches. Finally, the remaining knowledge gaps, emerging frontiers and opportunities for this field are highlighted, including the steps required to replicate the multiscale complexity of vascular networks found in nature.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.