Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35667790›Full record

ArticleCold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology2022

Integrating Sex Chromosome and Endocrine Theories to Improve Teaching of Sexual Differentiation.

Arthur P Arnold

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Epigenetic Mechanisms of Brain Sexual Differentiation.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology · 2022
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

Arthur P ArnoldDepartment of Integrative Biology & Physiology, and Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology of the Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-7239, USA.

Funding

Transformative rat models to study sex differences in diseaseR01OD030496 · OD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI ARNOLD, ARTHUR P, DWINELL, MELINDA R · 2021 to 2025
$3.1M
Genetic Mechanisms in Klinefelter Syndrome-Related BehaviorsR01HD076125 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI ARNOLD, ARTHUR P, JENTSCH, J. DAVID · 2014 to 2018
$2.3M
Coupling neuroimaging with CLARITY and single cell genomics to dissect sex differences in the developing brainR01HD100298 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI ARNOLD, ARTHUR P, LERCH, JASON P. · 2020 to 2024
$2.2M
Sex differences in obesity and metabolic diseaseR01DK083561 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI ARNOLD, ARTHUR P, CHEN, XUQI · 2010 to 2014
$1.6M
Epigenetic regulation of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by X chromosomeR01HL131182 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI ARNOLD, ARTHUR P, EGHBALI, MANSOUREH · 2016 to 2019
$1.5M
Sry transgenic rats for investigation of XX vs. XY differences in phenotypesR21OD026560 · OD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI ARNOLD, ARTHUR P, DWINELL, MELINDA R · 2018 to 2019
$440k
X chromosome dosage and metabolic diseaseR56DK083561 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI ARNOLD, ARTHUR P, REUE, KAREN · 2016 to 2016
$154k
NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL131182NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD076125NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD100298NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK083561NIDDK NIH HHS R56 DK083561NIH HHS R01 OD030496NIH HHS R21 OD026560
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Major sex differences in mammalian tissues are functionally tied to reproduction and evolved as adaptations to meet different reproductive needs of females and males. They were thus directly controlled by gonadal hormones. Factors encoded on the sex chromosomes also cause many sex differences in diverse tissues because they are present in different doses in XX and XY cells. The sex chromosome effects likely evolved not because of demands of reproduction, but as side effects of genomic forces that adaptively reduced sexual inequality. Sex-specific effects of particular factors, including gonadal hormones, therefore, are not necessarily explained as adaptations for reproduction, but also as potential factors offsetting, rather than producing, sex differences. The incorporation of these concepts would improve future teaching about sexual differentiation.

Identifiers

PMID35667790
PMCPMC9438782

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.