ReviewChemical research in toxicology2022
Hair Dye Ingredients and Potential Health Risks from Exposure to Hair Dyeing.
Review in Chemical research in toxicology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 104 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hair Dyes in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of pregnancy · 2026Pooled it
- Environmental shaping of tolerance failure in autoimmune liver diseases: a phenotype-specific framework with primary biliary cholangitis as the strongest model.Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2026Review
- Untreated Hair Dye Effluents Enter the Environment: Are They a Threat to Human Health?Environmental toxicology · 2026Article
- FePlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Occupational Exposure to Resorcinol and Thyroid-Disrupting Effects: Protocol for an Exploratory Field Study in French Hairdressers.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Occupational exposures among hairdressers and the occurrence of hormone-related conditions.Occupational and environmental medicine · 2026Article
- An integrated study combining network toxicology machine learning and molecular simulation reveals the molecular mechanisms of permanent hair dyes in breast cancer.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- Natural products and their derivatives as candidate treatments for hair greying: from drug discovery to molecular mechanisms.Chinese medicine · 2026Review
- Long-term para-phenylenediamine exposure and chronic kidney disease risk in adult female henna artists: a cross-sectional study.International urology and nephrology · 2026Article
- Lifestyle factors affecting the pathogenesis of androgenetic alopecia: a literature review.Frontiers in public health · 2026Review
- Cosmetic Habits Associated With Breast Cancer in Benin: A Multicenter Case-Control Study.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2026Article
- A prospective study of hair dyes and uterine leiomyomata incidence in the study of environment, lifestyle, and fibroids.Fertility and sterility · 2026Article
- The mediating role of risk perception in the relationship between chemical safety knowledge, GHS awareness and safety behavior.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Hair Repigmentation Outcomes in Patients With Graying Hair Treated With Exosome Therapy: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2025Observational
- Environmental and occupational risk factors associated with multiple myeloma: a multicenter, hospital-based, matched case-control study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Tannin: An Insight into its Cosmeceutical Properties and Uses.Global challenges (Hoboken, NJ) · 2025Article
- Plant-Derived Monomers for Grey Hair Reversal Through Upregulation of Melanogenesis and Tyrosinase Activity.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Premature hair graying: a multifaceted phenomenon.International journal of dermatology · 2025Review
- Dinuclear Copper(II) Complexes of 2,6-Bis[(International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Given the worldwide popularity of hair dyeing, there is an urgent need to understand the toxicities and risks associated with exposure to chemicals found in hair dye formulations. Hair dyes are categorized as oxidative and nonoxidative in terms of their chemical composition and ingredients. For several decades, the expert panel's Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) has assessed the safety of many of the chemicals used in hair dyes; however, a comprehensive review of hair dye ingredients and the risk of exposure to hair dyeing has not been documented. Herein, we review the safety of the various chemicals in oxidative and nonoxidative hair dyes, toxicities associated with hair dyeing, and the carcinogenic risks related to hair dyeing. While many compounds are considered safe for users at the concentrations in hair dyes, there are conflicting data about a large number of hair dye formulations. The CIR expert panel has ratified a number of coloring ingredients for hair dyes and banned a series of chemicals as carcinogenic to animals and unsafe for this application. The use of these chemicals as raw materials for producing hair dyes may result in the synthesis of other contaminants with potential toxicities and increased risk of carcinogenesis. It is an open question whether personal or occupational hair dyeing increases the risk of cancer; however, in specific subpopulations, a positive association between hair dye use and cancer occurrence has been reported. To address this question, a better understanding of the chemical and mechanistic basis of the reported toxicities of hair dye mixtures and individual hair dye ingredients is needed. It is anticipated that in-depth chemical and systems toxicology studies harnessing modern and emerging techniques can shed light on this public health concern in the future.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.