Trial reportJournal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition2022
Goat Milk Based Infant Formula in Newborns: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial on Growth and Safety.
Trial report in Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The Effect of Goat-Milk-Based Infant Formulas on Growth and Safety Parameters: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2023Pooled it
- Sleep duration among breastfed, goat milk-based or cow's milk-based infant formula-fed infants: Post hoc analyses from a double-blind RCT.Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition · 2025Trial
- Common gastrointestinal symptoms in healthy infants receiving goat milk-based formula or cow's milk-based formula: a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial.BMC pediatrics · 2024Trial
- Trial
- A Scoping Review of Instruments Used to Measure Weight and Body Composition in Infants Under 1 Year.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2026Article
- Modulation of Milk Source Differences on Immunity, Nutritional Physiology and Intestinal Microbiota in Neonatal Piglets.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Article
- Goat Milk-Based Infant Formula and the Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Infants: A Real-World-Evidence Study From Brazil, Mexico, Russia, and the Netherlands.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Duration of food protein-induced allergic proctocolitis (FPIAP) and the role of intestinal microbiota.Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 2024Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesWe aimed to determine the growth and safety parameters in newborns fed a goat milk based infant formula (GMF) using a randomized double-blind trial, in which a cow milk formula (CMF) served as a control and a breast fed (BF) group as a reference.
methodsHealthy term infants (n = 218) aged up to 14 days were recruited from 25 European study centers and randomized to GMF or CMF. Weight, length, head circumference were measured at baseline, and at 14, 28, 56, 84, and 112 days at the study clinics. Adverse events were recorded and stool characteristics, reflux, fussiness, colic, and flatulence were self-reported by parents in 3-day diaries. Anthropometric measurements were transformed to WHO standardized age- and sex-adjusted z -scores. Analyses of covariance and linear mixed modeling were used to statistically analyze growth, while adjusting for potential confounders when studying the breast-fed group (n = 86).
resultsComparing the GMF to the CMF group, weight gain [mean difference 227.8 g (95% CI -16.6 to -439.0)] and z-scores for anthropometric measurements were similar after 112 days intervention. Infant formula groups showed greater mean (SD) weight z-scores than the BF group from 84 days onwards (GMF: 0.28 (0.84), CMF: 0.12 (0.88), BF -0.19 (1.02), P < 0.05), whereas length and head circumference z-scores were similar. Incidences of serious adverse events and reflux, fussiness, colic, and flatulence were similar among the three groups.
conclusionOur data demonstrate that GMF provides adequate growth, has a good tolerability, and is safe to use in infants.
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