ArticleAddiction (Abingdon, England)2022
High rates of resumption of injecting drug use following release from prison among men who injected drugs before imprisonment.
Article in Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Best practice guidelines for viral hepatitis service delivery in prisons.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2026Pooled it
- Drug use among people in prison: A global review of epidemiology, harms and interventions.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026Pooled it
- Prevalence and correlates of previous adult imprisonment among Australians who primarily smoke methamphetamine: a cross-sectional study.Harm reduction journal · 2025Article
- History of injection drug use in the month preceding incarceration in Iranian prisons.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- National consensus statement on opioid agonist treatment in custodial settings.The Medical journal of Australia · 2025Article
- Prospective study of retention in opioid agonist treatment and contact with emergency healthcare following release from prisons in Victoria, Australia.Emergency medicine journal : EMJ · 2023Observational
- Is use of opioid agonist treatment associated with broader primary healthcare use among men with recent injecting drug use histories following release from prison? A prospective cohort study.Harm reduction journal · 2023Article
- High rates of resumption of injecting drug use following release from prison among men who injected drugs before imprisonment.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimsTo estimate incidence of post-release injecting drug use (IDU) among men who injected drugs before imprisonment and determine factors associated with post-release IDU frequency. DESIGN, SETTING,
participantsProspective cohort study of men reporting monthly IDU before a period of sentenced imprisonment in Victoria, Australia, recruited between September 2014 and May 2016 (n = 195). MEASUREMENTS: Any post-release IDU and IDU frequency was measured via self-report at 3-month follow-up interview. IDU frequency, measured over the preceding month, was categorised as no IDU, irregular IDU (1-4 days IDU) and regular IDU (≥5 days IDU). Incidence of any IDU was calculated at 3 months post-release. Factors associated with IDU frequency were estimated using ordinal logistic regression.
findingsMost (83%) participants reported post-release IDU (265 per 100 person-years, 95% CI, 227-309); with half (48%) reporting regular IDU, 23% irregular IDU and 29% no IDU in the month preceding follow-up. Poorer psychological well-being at follow-up (General Health Questionnaire [GHQ-12] score; adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.18; 95% CI, 1.07-1.29) and post-release unemployment (AOR, 4.57; 95% CI, 1.67-12.49) were associated with increased IDU frequency. Retention in opioid agonist treatment (AOR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.24-0.98) was associated with reduced IDU frequency. Non-linear (inverted-u) associations between IDU frequency and age (age: AOR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.17-1.96; age-squared: AOR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.99-0.99) and pre-imprisonment IDU frequency (pre-imprisonment IDU frequency: AOR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.15-1.61; pre-imprisonment IDU frequency-squared: AOR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.99-0.99) were found, with odds peaking at age 39 and 19 days IDU, respectively. Longer baseline sentence length was associated with reduced odds of irregular and regular IDU (AOR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.99-0.99).
conclusionAmong Australian men who inject drugs before imprisonment, resumption of injecting drug use after release from prison appears to be common, with imprisonment seeming to have little impact on reducing injecting drug use behaviour.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.