Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35665547›Full record

ReviewNMR in biomedicine2023

Imaging of sugar-based contrast agents using their hydroxyl proton exchange properties.

Linda Knutsson, Xiang Xu, Peter C M van Zijl, Kannie W Y Chan

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in NMR in biomedicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
26citing papers in PubMed
2.6field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

26 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Dynamic glucose-enhanced MRI in brain tumors.Magma (New York, N.Y.) · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 4 countries.

Linda KnutssonDepartment of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0002-4263-113X
Xiang XuRussell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8293-3776
Peter C M van ZijlRussell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9706-1066
Kannie W Y ChanRussell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7315-1550
Johns Hopkins University · USKennedy Krieger Institute · US

Funding

Development and Translation of D-glucose as a Diagnostic Agent for MRI of CancerR01EB019934 · NIBIB · HUGO W. MOSER RES INST KENNEDY KRIEGER · PI VAN ZIJL, PETER CM · 2015 to 2019
$5.7M
Development and Translation of D-glucose as an MRI Contrast Agent for Multiple SclerosisR00EB026312 · NIBIB · ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI · PI XU, XIANG · 2020 to 2022
$747k
NIBIB NIH HHS R00 EB026312NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB019934
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The ability of CEST MRI to detect the presence of millimolar concentrations of non-metallic contrast agents has made it possible to study, non-invasively, important biological molecules such as proteins and sugars, as well as drugs already approved for clinical use. Here, we review efforts to use sugar and sugar polymers as exogenous contrast agents, which is possible based on the exchange of their hydroxyl protons with water protons. While this capability has raised early enthusiasm, for instance about the possibility of imaging D-glucose metabolism with MRI in a way analogous to PET, experience over the past decade has shown that this is not trivial. On the other hand, many studies have confirmed the possibility of imaging a large variety of sugar analogues, each with potentially interesting applications to assess tissue physiology. Some promising applications are the study of (i) sugar delivery and transport to assess blood-brain barrier integrity and (ii) sugar uptake by cells for their characterization (e.g., cancer versus healthy), as well as (iii) clearance of sugars to assess tissue drainage-for instance, through the glymphatic system. To judge these opportunities and their challenges, especially in the clinic, it is necessary to understand the technical aspects of detecting the presence of rapidly exchanging protons through the water signal in MRI, especially as a function of magnetic field strength. We expect that novel approaches in terms of MRI detection (both saturation transfer and relaxation based), MRI data analysis, and sugar design will push this young field forward in the next decade.

Indexed as

ProtonsSugarsContrast MediaMagnetic Resonance ImagingWaterContrast MediaProtonsSugarsWaterAlzheimer's diseasecancerCESTD-glucoseglucoCESTsugars

Identifiers

PMID35665547
PMCPMC9719573
OpenAlexW4282010738

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.