SynthesisThe clinical respiratory journal2022
Prevalence of hookah smoking among Iranian pupils and university students: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in The clinical respiratory journal, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of hookah smoking among Iranian pupils and university students: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis.The clinical respiratory journal · 2022Pooled it
- Hookah Use and Knowledge of Harmful Substances among University Students in Iran.Journal of community health · 2026Article
- Determining the perceived risk of lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) among hookah users in Iran.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2024Article
- Assessing the risk of metabolic syndrome and diabetes in relation to Hookah smoking: Evidence from a cohort study in Southern Iran.Health science reports · 2024Article
- Evaluating smokers' opinions on smoking and customized cessation in a Thailand University context: A qualitative study.Tobacco induced diseases · 2024Article
- Effect of educational intervention based on theory of planned behaviour on promoting preventive behaviours of oral cancer in rural women.BMC women's health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveToday, smoking is considered a pressing global health issue. The present study aimed to estimate the total prevalence of hookah smoking among pupils and university students in Iran. MATERIALS AND
methodsThis systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted via searching in databases such as Scientific Information Database (SID), MagIran, Scopus, PubMed and Web of Sciences from inception to October 2021. We targeted observational studies evaluating the prevalence or frequency of hookah smoking among Iranian pupils and university students. Data analysis was performed using a random-effects model, and the heterogeneity of the articles was assessed using Cochran's Q test and the I
resultsIn total, 124 studies conducted on 155 115 subjects were reviewed. The lifetime prevalence of hookah smoking among high school students and university students was estimated at 34.4% and 32.3%, respectively. In addition, the frequency of hookah smoking within the past month/week (point prevalence) was estimated at 21.5% and 16.6% in university students and pupils, respectively. The frequency of hookah smoking within the past year (period prevalence) was also reported to be 22.5% and 20.8% in these groups, respectively. No significant correlation was observed between the prevalence of hookah smoking, sample size, year of publication and the mean age of the participants. Region 5 had the highest lifetime prevalence (41.7%) and period prevalence (27.1%). However, Region 1 had the highest point prevalence of hookah smoking (27.2%).
conclusionsAccording to the results, hookah smoking is highly prevalent among Iranian pupils and university students. Therefore, proper educational interventions are required in the form of workshops and curricula to raise awareness regarding the hazardous effects of this unhealthy habit on the young generation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.