ReviewFrontiers in immunology2022
The Role of M1/M2 Macrophage Polarization in Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovitis.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 380 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
380 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 549 citations in OpenAlex.
- Molecular mechanisms and risk factors in rheumatoid arthritis: a comprehensive review.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- The effect of disrupted sleep on macrophage polarization: a systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies.BMC immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Immune cell clustering identifies a CD163⁺/CSF1R⁺ macrophage and neutrophil-enriched phenotype with distinct biological signatures and poor prognosis in angiosarcoma.Oncoimmunology · 2026Article
- Reprogramming macrophage polarization via CD44-targeted and ROS-responsive apabetalone-loaded micelles for rheumatoid arthritis treatment.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2026Article
- Biomimetic M2 exosome-based dual-drug nanoplatform for combined immunomodulation and bone protection in rheumatoid arthritis.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Therapeutic Properties and Underlying Mechanisms of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Managing Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Integrative Review of Clinical and Molecular Findings.Phytotherapy research : PTR · 2026Review
- The role of the adipose-derived Stromal Vascular Fraction (SVF) secretome as an immunomodulator in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases through NF-κB and macrophage reprogramming.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Patient-Derived Transcriptomics Reveals Distinct IFNγ-Associated Myeloid States and Mitochondrial Complex I Programs in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Fibrin-rich environment drives catheter-associated UTIs by suppressing macrophage defenses.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Review
- The Multifaceted Roles of Macrophages in Rheumatoid Arthritis: From Cytokine Networks to the Discovery of Novel Subsets.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Systematic establishment of approaches to the detection of equine macrophage polarization and their application in pathogenic infection.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- IL-35 promotes synovial fibroblast senescence via activation of cGAS-STING-TBK1-IRF3 pathway in rheumatoid arthritis.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2026Article
- Guiqi Baizhu prescription attenuates 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis by targeting IKKβ to inhibit M1 macrophage polarization.Chinese medicine · 2026Article
- Macrophage Membrane-Coated Nanoparticles for Immunomodulation and Bone Regeneration: Emerging Applications in Oral and Dental Implant Therapy.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Cellular crosstalk and signaling networks in the rheumatoid arthritis synovial microenvironment.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Beyond polarization: a receptor-centered framework for macrophage function and therapy in skin diseases.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2026Review
- Opposing Dynamics of CD4 + Regulatory and CD8 + Foxp3+ T Cells Characterize Immune Imbalance in Rheumatoid Arthritis.Inflammation · 2026Article
- Practical Use of Advanced AI Frameworks on Real-Life Scientific Problems: Three Case Studies.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Review
320 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Innate and adaptive immunity represent a harmonic counterbalanced system involved in the induction, progression, and possibly resolution of the inflammatory reaction that characterize autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs), including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Although the immunopathophysiological mechanisms of the ARDs are not fully clarified, they are often associated with an inappropriate macrophage/T-cell interaction, where classical (M1) or alternative (M2) macrophage activation may influence the occurrence of T-helper (Th)1 or Th2 responses. In RA patients, M1/Th1 activation occurs in an inflammatory environment dominated by Toll-like receptor (TLR) and interferon (IFN) signaling, and it promotes a massive production of pro-inflammatory cytokines [i.e., tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interleukin (IL)-1, IL-12, IL-18, and IFNγ], chemotactic factors, and matrix metalloproteinases resulting in osteoclastogenesis, erosion, and progressive joint destruction. On the other hand, the activation of M2/Th2 response determines the release of growth factors and cytokines [i.e., IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β] involved in the anti-inflammatory process leading to the clinical remission of RA. Several subtypes of macrophages have been described. Five polarization states from M1 to M2 have been confirmed in
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.