SynthesisFrontiers in immunology2022
Increased Tuberculosis Incidence Due to Immunotherapy Based on PD-1 and PD-L1 Blockade: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Systemic treatment of immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced psoriasis: Inference-based guidance.Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV · 2025Pooled it
- The host immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis determining protection or disease progression.Nature immunology · 2026Review
- Tuberculosis Infection Screening Recommendations for Targeted Immunotherapies: Comparison of US Prescribing Information, Clinical Resources, and Quality Measures.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Article
- Context-specific roles for IL-17 in tuberculosis.PLoS pathogens · 2026Review
- Immunotherapy for Melanoma in Patients with Altered Immune Systems: Unique Challenges and Clinical Considerations.Advances in therapy · 2026Review
- A co-evolutionary perspective on humans andeLife · 2026Review
- PD-1 deficiency exacerbatesFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Concurrent therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia and lymph node tuberculosis following treatment for lung squamous cell carcinoma: a case report and literature review.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- AFrontiers in tuberculosis · 2026Article
- Factors Associated with Active Tuberculosis Disease in Patients with Lung Cancer Following Immune Checkpoint Blockade Therapy: A Retrospective Cohort Study and Case Reports.Infection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- Soluble programmed cell death ligand-1 as a predictive biomarker for severity and poor prognosis in pulmonary tuberculosis.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- CCR4⁺ memory Tregs and PD-1⁺ T cells as novel immunodiagnostic biomarkers for active tuberculosis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Research progress on lung cancer complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis: a narrative review.Translational lung cancer research · 2025Review
- Cancer immunotherapy clinical trials to support urgently needed access in low- and middle-income countries: a report from the SITC global access and impact committee.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Review
- Coexisting Lung Cancer and Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Comprehensive Review From Incidence to Management.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2025Review
- Impact of Latent Tuberculosis Infection and T-SPOT.TB Dynamics Alterations on Prognosis in Advanced NSCLC Treated With ICIs--IPTW-Based Retrospective Study.Clinical Medicine Insights. Oncology · 2025Article
- Where lung cancer and tuberculosis intersect: recent advances.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Tuberculosis infection following administration of immune checkpoint inhibitors: a real world observational study.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- CD14Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- PD-L1: From cancer immunotherapy to therapeutic implications in multiple disorders.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objectives: In this study, we conducted a systematic review to determine tuberculosis (TB) incidence due to immunotherapy with programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1)/PD ligand (PD-L1) blockade in cancer patients. Methods: We searched PubMed, Cochrance Library, Excerpt Medica Database (Embase), ClinicalTrials.gov, Chinese BioMedical Literature Database (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database (CNKI), Wanfang and China Science and Technology Journal Database to identify studies between January 1, 2000 and April 30, 2021, on the reports of TB cases in patients treated with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. Methodological quality of eligible studies was assessed, and random-effect model meta-analysis was performed to generate the pooled incidence estimate of TB cases in patients undergoing PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. Results: We initially identified 745 records, of which 27 studies ultimately met the inclusion criteria and were included in our meta-analysis. A total of 35 TB cases occurred among patients treated with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. Nivolumab (51.4%) was the most frequently used PD-1/PD-L1 blockade for cancer treatment. In addition, pulmonary TB was the most common form of tuberculosis seen in 77.1% cases. Clinical outcomes were recorded in 18 patients, of whom 77.8% were cured or achieved remission, and 22.2% were died of TB. Pooled analysis determined that the TB rate in this population was 2,000 cases per 100,000 persons, and the estimated rate for TB associated with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade was 35 times higher than that in the general population. Conclusion: To conclude, our results demonstrate that the clinical use of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors significantly increases risk of TB reactivation. An extremely high mortality rate due to TB disease is noted in the patients with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade.
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