ArticleFrontiers in immunology2022
Comparison of Immune Responses Elicited by SARS-CoV-2 mRNA and Recombinant Protein Vaccine Candidates.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- An ORFV F1L mRNA Vaccine Candidate: Preparation, Immunogenicity, and Comparison with a Commercial Live Vaccine.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- mRNA Vaccines for Influenza: Hope for a Universal Vaccine?BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2026Review
- Multi-epitope mRNA vaccine and protein vaccine protect mice against Toxoplasma gondii.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Helminth infection modulates the immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines in mice without compromising protective efficacy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Article
- Polyvalent mRNA vaccine targeting outer surface protein C affords multi-strain protection against Lyme disease.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Observational
- An mRNA Vaccine Expressing Blood-Stage Malaria Antigens Induces Complete Protection Against LethalVaccines · 2025Article
- mRNA vaccine design using the proteome ofmSphere · 2025Article
- Environmental exposures and familial background alter the induction of neuropathology and inflammation after SARS-CoV-2 infection.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2025Article
- Protein-free catalysis of DNA hydrolysis and self-integration by a ribozyme.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Heterologous prime-boost vaccination drives stromal activation and adaptive immunity against SARS-CoV-2 variants.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- An mRNA-based FimH nanoparticle vaccine against uropathogenicFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Advantages of Broad-Spectrum Influenza mRNA Vaccines and Their Impact on Pulmonary Influenza.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Applications of microfluidics in mRNA vaccine development: A review.Biomicrofluidics · 2024Review
- Obesity does not influence SARS-CoV-2 humoral vaccine immunogenicity.NPJ vaccines · 2024Article
- RNA-based programmable DNA cleavage.Nature chemical biology · 2024Article
- Review
- Can the Revolution in mRNA-Based Vaccine Technologies Solve the Intractable Health Issues of Current Ruminant Production Systems?Vaccines · 2024Review
- mRNA-based VP8* nanoparticle vaccines against rotavirus are highly immunogenic in rodents.NPJ vaccines · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
After the outbreak of COVID-19, billions of vaccines with different types have been administrated, including recombinant protein vaccines and mRNA vaccines. Although both types of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine can protect people from viral infection, their differences in humoral and cellular immune responses are still not clearly understood. In this study, we made a head-to-head comparison between an mRNA vaccine candidate and a recombinant protein vaccine we developed previously. Results demonstrated that both vaccine candidates could elicit high specific binding and neutralizing antibody titers in BALB/c mice, but with bias towards different IgG subtypes. Besides, the mRNA vaccine candidate induces higher cellular immune responses than the recombinant protein vaccine. To date, this is the first reported study to directly compare the immune responses of both arms between SARS-CoV-2 mRNA and recombinant vaccines.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.