ArticleNature reviews. Methods primers2021
Single-molecule localization microscopy.
Article in Nature reviews. Methods primers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 408 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
408 citing papers in PubMed.
- RNA export through the nuclear pore complex: pathways, mechanisms, and imaging strategies.RNA biology · 2026Review
- Cell swelling and upright mounting-based imaging for high-resolution visualization of intracellular trafficking across the BBB using conventional confocal microscopy.Drug delivery · 2026Article
- Presynaptic actin nanostructures: A reproducibility case study.Journal of microscopy · 2026Article
- Towards a systems-level view of the microtubule cytoskeleton and its functions in physiology and disease.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2026Review
- Protocol for quantifying chromatin DNA replication by multiplex labeling and single-molecule localization microscopy.STAR protocols · 2026Article
- Unveiling the contribution of histidine-end-terminal pBAEs to endosomal escape using super-resCLEM imaging.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Self-Blinking Dye Restores Efficient Use of Nanobodies in Single-Molecule Localization Microscopy.Nano letters · 2026Article
- Multiscale modeling primer: Focus on chromatin and epigenetics.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Review
- Spontaneous and indefinite blinking in upconverting nanoparticles for ångström-precision multicolour super-resolution imaging.Nature nanotechnology · 2026Article
- Article
- Optimal excitation polarization schemes to boost the precision of single-molecule orientation imaging.Biomedical optics express · 2026Article
- The multifaceted significance of phosphoinositides in endocytic trafficking.FEBS letters · 2026Review
- Molecular engineering of Cyanine-Hoechst hybrid materials for nanoscale DNA and chromatin imaging.JPhys materials · 2026Article
- Noninvasive methods to monitor dynamic single-cell events.Trends in cell biology · 2026Review
- Electrochemiluminescence Imaging for In Situ Electrocatalysis Characterization: Recent Progress and Mechanistic Insights.Chemical & biomedical imaging · 2026Review
- Extracellular Vesicles in Cardiovascular Disease: Intercellular Signaling, Liquid Biopsy Biomarkers, and Therapeutic Translation.Circulation research · 2026Review
- Integrating GlycoSHIELD Modeling and DNA-PAINT SMLM to Map the Glycosylation-Dependent Distribution of the Na,K-ATPase.The Journal of membrane biology · 2026Article
- Fused deep learning enables 6D single-molecule localization in polarization-resolved microscopy.Methods and applications in fluorescence · 2026Article
- Deep Learning for Localization Microscopy in 2D and 3D.Accounts of chemical research · 2026Article
- A multidisciplinary experimental and methodological investigation of electron and proton minibeams in the framework of the INFN MIRO project.Medical physics · 2026Article
348 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) describes a family of powerful imaging techniques that dramatically improve spatial resolution over standard, diffraction-limited microscopy techniques and can image biological structures at the molecular scale. In SMLM, individual fluorescent molecules are computationally localized from diffraction-limited image sequences and the localizations are used to generate a super-resolution image or a time course of super-resolution images, or to define molecular trajectories. In this Primer, we introduce the basic principles of SMLM techniques before describing the main experimental considerations when performing SMLM, including fluorescent labelling, sample preparation, hardware requirements and image acquisition in fixed and live cells. We then explain how low-resolution image sequences are computationally processed to reconstruct super-resolution images and/or extract quantitative information, and highlight a selection of biological discoveries enabled by SMLM and closely related methods. We discuss some of the main limitations and potential artefacts of SMLM, as well as ways to alleviate them. Finally, we present an outlook on advanced techniques and promising new developments in the fast-evolving field of SMLM. We hope that this Primer will be a useful reference for both newcomers and practitioners of SMLM.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.