ArticleInternational journal of clinical and health psychology : IJCHP
Latent structure and measurement invariance of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale in cancer outpatients.
Article in International journal of clinical and health psychology : IJCHP. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Efficacy and Budget Impact of a Tailored Psychological Intervention Program Targeting Cancer Patients With Adjustment Disorder: A Randomised Controlled Trial.Psycho-oncology · 2025Trial
- Factor Structures of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale in Cancer: Implications of Comprehensive Confirmatory Analysis on the German Version of the HADS in an Oncological Sample.Cancer medicine · 2026Article
- Selecting a depression measure for research: A critical examination of five common self-report scales.Journal of affective disorders · 2026Review
- Illness perception, family resilience, and emotional distress among hospitalized older adults with multimorbidity in Xinjiang, China: a latent profile and mediation analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Development and Validation of a Nurse-Specific Scale to Assess Influencing Factors in Clinical Practice Guideline Implementation: An i-PARIHS-Based Study.Journal of nursing management · 2026Article
- The Management of Current Stress (MOCS): Reliability and Invariance Testing of Perceived Stress Management Abilities among Patients with Cancer.International journal of stress management · 2025Article
- Association between fear of cancer recurrence and emotional distress in breast cancer: a latent profile and moderation analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Prevalence and biopsychosocial indicators of fatigue in cancer patients.Cancer medicine · 2024Article
- Prevalence of anxiety and depression in people with different types of cancer or haematologic malignancies: a cross-sectional study.Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences · 2022Article
- The impact of COVID-19 and socioeconomic status on psychological distress in cancer patients.International journal of clinical and health psychology : IJCHPArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background/Objective: The aim of the present study was to compare competing psychometric models and analyze measurement invariance of the Method: The sample included 3,260 cancer outpatients. Latent structure of the HADS was analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with robust maximum likelihood estimation (MLR). Measurement invariance was tested for age, time of response, gender, and cancer type by comparing nested multigroup CFA models with parameter restrictions. Results: Except for the one-factor solutions, all models showed acceptable model fit and measurement invariance. The model with the best fit was the originally proposed two-factor model with exclusion of two items. The one-factor solutions showed inacceptable model fit and were not invariant for age and gender. Conclusions: The HADS has a robust two-factor structure in cancer outpatients. We recommend excluding item 7 and 10 when screening for anxiety and depression.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.